a. Đặc điểm của hai loại rừng nhiệt đới

- Rừng mưa nhiệt đới:

+ Hình thành: ở nơi mưa nhiều quanh năm.

+ Phân bố: lưu vực sông A-ma-dôn (Nam Mỹ), lưu vực sông Công-gô (châu Phi) và một phần Đông Nam Á

+ Rừng rậm rạp, có 4 - 5 tầng.

- Rừng nhiệt đới gió mùa:

+ Phát triển ở những nơi có mùa mưa và một mùa khô rõ rệt.

+ Phân bố: Đông Nam Á, Đông Ấn Độ,...

+ Phần lớn cây trong rừng rụng lá vào mùa khô.

+ Cây trong rừng thấp hơn và ít tầng hơn ở rừng mưa nhiệt đới.

b. Kiểu rừng nhiệt đới chiếm ưu thế ở Việt Nam: rừng nhiệt đới gió mùa.

- Đặc điểm rừng nhiệt đới gió mùa ở Việt Nam:

+ Đặc trưng hệ sinh thái: rừng thường xanh, rừng nửa rụng lá, rừng thưa nhiệt đới khô.

+ Trong rừng có nhiều cây dây leo và các loài động vật phong phú.

+ Rừng thường có 3 - 4 tầng cây.

Ta có:

\(A = \frac{1}{1.2} + \frac{1}{3.4} + \frac{1}{5.6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49.50}\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{5} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} \left.\right) - \left(\right. \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + . . . + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right) - 2 \left(\right. \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + . . . + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right) - \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + . . . + \frac{1}{25} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{27} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} < \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{26} + . . . + \frac{1}{26} = \frac{25}{26} < 1.\)

Ta có:

\(A = \frac{1}{1.2} + \frac{1}{3.4} + \frac{1}{5.6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49.50}\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{5} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} \left.\right) - \left(\right. \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + . . . + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right) - 2 \left(\right. \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + . . . + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right) - \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + . . . + \frac{1}{25} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{27} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} < \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{26} + . . . + \frac{1}{26} = \frac{25}{26} < 1.\)

Ta có:

\(A = \frac{1}{1.2} + \frac{1}{3.4} + \frac{1}{5.6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49.50}\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{5} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} \left.\right) - \left(\right. \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + . . . + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right) - 2 \left(\right. \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + . . . + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right) - \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + . . . + \frac{1}{25} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{27} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} < \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{26} + . . . + \frac{1}{26} = \frac{25}{26} < 1.\)

Ta có:

\(A = \frac{1}{1.2} + \frac{1}{3.4} + \frac{1}{5.6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49.50}\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{5} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} \left.\right) - \left(\right. \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + . . . + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right) - 2 \left(\right. \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + . . . + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right) - \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + . . . + \frac{1}{25} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{27} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} < \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{26} + . . . + \frac{1}{26} = \frac{25}{26} < 1.\)

Ta có:

\(A = \frac{1}{1.2} + \frac{1}{3.4} + \frac{1}{5.6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49.50}\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{5} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} \left.\right) - \left(\right. \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + . . . + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right) - 2 \left(\right. \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + . . . + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right) - \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + . . . + \frac{1}{25} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{27} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} < \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{26} + . . . + \frac{1}{26} = \frac{25}{26} < 1.\)

Ta có:

\(A = \frac{1}{1.2} + \frac{1}{3.4} + \frac{1}{5.6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49.50}\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{5} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} \left.\right) - \left(\right. \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + . . . + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right) - 2 \left(\right. \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + . . . + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right) - \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + . . . + \frac{1}{25} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{27} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} < \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{26} + . . . + \frac{1}{26} = \frac{25}{26} < 1.\)

Ta có:

\(A = \frac{1}{1.2} + \frac{1}{3.4} + \frac{1}{5.6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49.50}\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{5} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} \left.\right) - \left(\right. \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + . . . + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right) - 2 \left(\right. \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + . . . + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right) - \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + . . . + \frac{1}{25} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{27} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} < \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{26} + . . . + \frac{1}{26} = \frac{25}{26} < 1.\)

Ta có:

\(A = \frac{1}{1.2} + \frac{1}{3.4} + \frac{1}{5.6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49.50}\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{5} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} \left.\right) - \left(\right. \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + . . . + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right) - 2 \left(\right. \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + . . . + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right) - \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + . . . + \frac{1}{25} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{27} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} < \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{26} + . . . + \frac{1}{26} = \frac{25}{26} < 1.\)

Ta có:

\(A = \frac{1}{1.2} + \frac{1}{3.4} + \frac{1}{5.6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49.50}\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{5} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} \left.\right) - \left(\right. \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + . . . + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right) - 2 \left(\right. \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + . . . + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} \left.\right) - \left(\right. 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + . . . + \frac{1}{25} \left.\right)\)

\(A = \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{27} + . . . + \frac{1}{49} + \frac{1}{50} < \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{26} + \frac{1}{26} + . . . + \frac{1}{26} = \frac{25}{26} < 1.\)