cho 5,4 g Al tác dụng vừa đủ với dung dịch H2SO4
a) tính thể tích khí thu được sau phản ứng
b) tính khối lượng muối thu được sau khi phản ứng
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Sửa: \(14,7\%\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.14,7\%}{100\%.98}=0,3(mol)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)\\ b,n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4(g)\\ c,n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.342}{200+5,4-0,3.2}.100\%=16,7\%\\ c,m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=0,1.342=34,2(g)\)
$a\big)2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2$
$b\big)$
$n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1(mol)$
Theo PT: $n_{H_2SO_4}=1,5n_{Al}=0,15(mol)$
$\to m_{dd\,H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,15.98}{30\%}=49(g)$
$c\big)$
Theo PT: $n_{H_2}=0,15(mol);n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=0,05(mol)$
$\to V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36(l)$
$\to m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=0,05.342=17,1(g)$
$a) 2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$
$b) n_{Al} = \dfrac{10,8}{27} = 0,4(mol)$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,6(mol)$
$m_{H_2SO_4} = 0,6.98 = 58,8(gam)$
$c) n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al} = 0,2(mol) \Rightarrow m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,2.342 = 68,4(gam)$
$d) n_{H_2} = n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,6(mol) \Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,6.22,4 = 13,44(lít)$
\(a,2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(b.n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(Theo.PTHH\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=1,5.0,4=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=n.M=0,6.98=58,8\left(g\right)\)
\(c,Theo.PTHH\Rightarrow n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,5.0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n.M=0,2.342=68,4\left(g\right)\\ d,V_{H_2\left(dktc\right)}=n.22,4=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)
a,\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,1 0,15 0,05 0,15
b,Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,3}{3}\) ⇒ Al hết, H2SO4 dư
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4dư}=\left(0,3-0,15\right).98=14,7\left(g\right)\)
c, \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,05.342=17,1\left(g\right)\)
d, \(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\) (1)
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\) (2)
Theo PT (1): \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2O_3}=15,6-5,4=10,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT (1), (2): \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Al_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{mu\text{ố}i}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,2.342=68,4\left(g\right)\)
c) Theo PT (1), (2): \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}+3n_{Al_2O_3}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(c\text{ần}.d\text{ùng}\right)}=0,6.98=58,8\left(g\right)\)
a, PT: \(R+H_2SO_4\rightarrow RSO_4+H_2\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
Theo ĐLBT KL, có: mKL + mH2SO4 = m muối + mH2
⇒ m muối = 7,8 + 0,4.98 - 0,4.2 = 46,2 (g)
c, Gọi: nR = x (mol) → nAl = 2x (mol)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_R+\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=x+\dfrac{3}{2}.2x=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow x=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ nR = 0,1 (mol)
nAl = 0,1.2 = 0,2 (mol)
⇒ 0,1.MR + 0,2.27 = 7,8 ⇒ MR = 24 (g/mol)
Vậy: R là Mg.
a)
$n_{Zn} = \dfrac{13}{65} = 0,2(mol) ; n_{H_2 SO_4} = 0,5.2 = 1(mol)$
$Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2$
Ta thấy :
$n_{Zn} < n_{H_2SO_4}$ nên $H_2SO_4$ dư
$n_{ZnSO_4} = n_{H_2SO_4\ pư} = n_{Zn} = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{ZnSO_4} = 0,2.161=32,2(gam)$
$m_{H_2SO_4\ pư} = 0,2.98 = 19,6(gam)$
b)
$n_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = 1 - 0,2 = 0,8(mol)$
$C_{M_{H_2SO_4\ dư}} = \dfrac{0,8}{0,5} = 1,6M$
$C_{M_{FeSO_4}} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,5} = 0,4M$
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5.2=1\left(mol\right)\\ Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ a.Vì:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{1}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(p.ứ\right)}=n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_4\left(p.ứ\right)}=0,2.98=19,6\left(g\right)\\ m_{ZnSO_4}=161.0,2=32,2\left(g\right)\\ b.V_{ddsau}=V_{ddH_2SO_4}=0,5\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,5}=0,4\left(M\right)\\ C_{MddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{1-0,2}{0,5}=1,6\left(M\right)\)
nMg = 4,8 : 24 = 0,2 mol
a) Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Theo tỉ lệ phản ứng => nH2SO4 phản ứng = nMgSO4 = nH2 = 0,2 mol
=> VH2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 lít.
b)
mH2SO4 phản ứng = 0,2.98 = 19,6 gam
=> C% H2SO4 = \(\dfrac{19,6}{300}.100\text{%}\) = 6,53%
c) mMgSO4 = 0,2.120 = 24 gam.
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,3 0,1 0,3
số mol Al: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m_{Al}}{M_{Al}}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
thể tích khí thu được là:
\(V=24,79n=24,79\cdot0,3=7,437\left(L\right)\)
khối lượng muối thu được là:
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}\cdot M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\cdot342=34,2\left(g\right)\)