phân tích đa thức P(x)=x4-x3-2x-4 thành nhân tử biết rằng nhân tử có dạng x2+dx+2
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a) \(x^4+8x+63\)
\(=x^4+4x^3+9x^2-4x^3-16x^2-36x+7x^2+28x+63\)
\(=x^2\left(x^2+4x+9\right)-4x\left(x^2+4x+9\right)+7\left(x^2+4x+9\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+4x+9\right)\left(x^2-4x+7\right)\)
c) \(\left(x^2+2x+7\right)+\left(x^2-2x+4\right)\left(x^2+2x+3\right)\left(1\right)\)
Ta có : \(x^3-8=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+2x+4=\dfrac{x^3-8}{x-2}\)
\(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow\left[\left(\dfrac{x^3-8}{x-2}+3\right)\right]+\left(x^2-2x+4\right)\left[\left(\dfrac{x^3-8}{x-2}-1\right)\right]\)
\(=\left[\left(\dfrac{x^3-3x-14}{x-2}\right)\right]+\left(x^2-2x+4\right)\left[\left(\dfrac{x^3-2x-5}{x-2}\right)\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{x-2}\left[x^3-3x-14+\left(x^2-2x+4\right)\left(x^3-2x-5\right)\right]\)

a: Ta có: \(x^2-4y^2-2x-4y\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)-2\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y-2\right)\)
c: Ta có: \(x^3+2x^2y-x-2y\)
\(=x^2\left(x+2y\right)-\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
d: Ta có: \(3x^2-3y^2-2\cdot\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=3\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-2\cdot\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(3x+3y-2x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+5y\right)\)
e: Ta có: \(x^3-4x^2-9x+36\)
\(=x^2\left(x-4\right)-9\left(x-4\right)\)
\(=\left(x-4\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
f: Ta có: \(x^2-y^2-2x-2y\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-2\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y-2\right)\)

\(x^4-x^3-2x-4\)
\(=x^4-x^3-2x^2+2x^2-2x-4\)
\(=x^2\left(x^2-x-2\right)+2\left(x^2-x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-x-2\right)\left(x^2+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+x-2x-2\right)\left(x^2+2\right)\)
\(=\left[x\left(x+1\right)-2\left(x+1\right)\right]\left(x^2+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+2\right)\)

b: \(\left(x^2+4\right)^2-16x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)\left(x^2+4x+4\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2\cdot\left(x+2\right)^2\)
c: \(x^5-x^4+x^3-x^2\)
\(=x^4\left(x-1\right)+x^2\left(x-1\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\)
Lời giải:
a. Bạn xem lại đề
b. \((x^2+4)^2-16x^2=(x^2+4)^2-(4x)^2=(x^2+4-4x)(x^2+4+4x)\)
\(=(x-2)^2(x+2)^2\)
c.
\(x^5-x^4+x^3-x^2=x^4(x-1)+x^2(x-1)=(x^4+x^2)(x-1)\)
\(=x^2(x^2+1)(x-1)\)

\(\left(x-y\right)^2+4\left(x-y\right)+4\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+2.\left(x-y\right).2+2^2\)
\(=\left(x-y+2\right)^2\)
hk tốt
^^

e: \(x^4-2x^3+x^2\)
\(=x^2\cdot x^2-x^2\cdot2x+x^2\cdot1\)
\(=x^2\left(x^2-2x+1\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x-1\right)^2\)
f: \(27y^3-x^3\)
\(=\left(3y\right)^3-x^3\)
\(=\left(3y-x\right)\left(9y^2+3xy+x^2\right)\)
Đơn giản thôi :]>
Sau khi phân tích thì P(x) có dạng ( x2 + dx + 2 )( x2 + ax - 2 )
P(x) = x4 - x3 - 2x - 4 = ( x2 + dx + 2 )( x2 + ax - 2 )
⇔ x4 - x3 - 2x - 4 = x4 + ax3 - 2x2 + dx3 + adx2 - 2dx + 2x2 + 2ax - 4
⇔ x4 - x3 - 2x - 4 = x4 + ( a + d )x3 + adx2 + ( 2a - 2d )x - 4
Đồng nhất hệ số ta được :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a+d=-1\\ad=0\\2a-2d=-2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=-1\\d=0\end{cases}}\)
( x2 + dx + 2 )( x2 + ax - 2 )
= ( x2 + 2 )( x2 - x - 2 )
= ( x2 + 2 )( x2 - 2x + x - 2 )
= ( x2 + 2 )[ x( x - 2 ) + ( x - 2 ) ]
= ( x2 + 2 )( x - 2 )( x + 1 )
=> P(x) = x4 - x3 - 2x - 4 = ( x2 + 2 )( x - 2 )( x + 1 )