Cho 4g copper(II) oxide(CuO) tác dụng với khí hydrogen. Tạo ra 2g copper. Tính hiệu suất phản ứng
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\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{24}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
0,3-->0,6----------------->0,3
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=24,79.0,3=7,437\left(l\right)\\m_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{12}{80}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
LTL: 0,15 < 0,3 => H2 dư, vậy H2 khử hết CuO
a, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{24}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Mg + 2HCl -----> MgCl2 + H2
0,3 0,6 0,3
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
b, \(m_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{12}{80}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
CuO + H2 -----> Cu + H2O
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,15}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\) ⇒ CuO hết, H2 dư
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, \(2Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO+4NO_2+O_2\)
b, \(n_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{28,2}{188}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=n_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2}=0,075\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,15.80=12\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{O_2}=0,075.24,79=1,85925\left(l\right)\)
c, Ta có: \(n_{NO_2}+n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,1975}{24,79}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi: nO2 = x (mol)
Theo PT: \(n_{NO_2}=4n_{O_2}=4x\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ 4x + x = 0,25 ⇒ x = 0,05 (mol)
Theo PT: \(n_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2\left(LT\right)}=2n_{O_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2\left(LT\right)}=0,1.188=18,8\left(g\right)\)
Mà: H = 80% \(\Rightarrow m_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{18,8}{80\%}=23,5\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
nFe = 11,2/56 = 0,2 (mol)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,2 ---> 0,4 ---> 0,2 ---> 0,2
VH2 = 0,2 . 22,4 = 4,48 (l)
PTHH: CuO + H2 -> (to) Cu + H2O
Mol: 0,2 <--- 0,2 ---> 0,2
mCu = 0,2 . 64 = 12,8 (g)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, PT: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{12}{80}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Cu}=n_{H_2O}=n_{CuO}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
b, \(m_{Cu}=0,15.64=9,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2O}=0,15.18=2,7\left(g\right)\)
c, \(V_{H_2}=0,15.24,79=3,7185\left(l\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 9 :
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
0,05--->0,1-------->0,05
a) \(C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\)
b) \(m_{CuCl2}=0,05.135=6,75\left(g\right)\)
c) \(C_{MCuCl2}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}0,5\left(M\right)\)
Câu 10 :
\(n_{FeO}=\dfrac{3,6}{72}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(FeO+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2O\)
0,05-->0,1------->0,05
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{10\%}100\%=36,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=3,6+36,5=40,1\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{FeCl2}=\dfrac{0,05.127}{40,1}.100\%=15,84\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(2KClO_3\xrightarrow[xtMnO_2]{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)
\(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\\
H_2+CuO\underrightarrow{400^oC}H_2O+Cu\\
CaO+H_2O\rightarrow Ca\left(OH\right)_2\)
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Cu+H_2O\\ n_{Cu\left(LT\right)}=n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Cu\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{2}{64}=0,03125\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow H=\dfrac{0,03125}{0,05}.100\%=62,5\%\)