Tìm các số dương x,y,z biết (x+2y)/3=(y+2z)/4=(z+2x)/5 và xy+yz+2zx=280
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
đặt \(\dfrac{x+2y}{3}=\dfrac{y+2z}{4}=\dfrac{z+2x}{5}=t\)
vậy ta đc \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2y=3t\left(1\right)\\y+2z=4t\left(2\right)\\z+2x=5t\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
từ (1) ta có: x = 3t - 2y
thay vào (3) ta được: z + 2 × (3t - 2y) = 5t
=> z + 6t - 4y = 5t => z = -t + 4y (3')
từ (2) ta có: \(z=\dfrac{4t-y}{2}\left(2'\right)\)
từ (2') và (3') ta có:
\(-t+4y=\dfrac{4t-y}{2}\\ -2t+8y=4t-y\\ 9y=6t=>y=\dfrac{2}{3}t\)
thay vào (1): \(x=3t-2\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}t=3t-\dfrac{4}{3}t=\dfrac{5}{3}t\)
thay vào (2'): \(z=\dfrac{4t-\dfrac{2}{3}t}{2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{10}{3}t}{2}=\dfrac{5}{3}t\)
vậy: \(x=\dfrac{5}{3}t;y=\dfrac{2}{3}t;z=\dfrac{5}{3}t\)
thay các giá trị này vào biểu thức trên ta được:
\(xy+yz+2zx=\dfrac{5}{3}t\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}t+\dfrac{2}{3}t\cdot\dfrac{5}{3}t+\dfrac{5}{3}t\cdot\dfrac{5}{3}t\\ xy+yz+2zx=\dfrac{10}{9}t^2+\dfrac{10}{9}t^2+\dfrac{50}{9}t^2\\ =>\dfrac{70}{9}t^2=280=>t=6\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{3}t=\dfrac{5}{3}\cdot6=10\\y=\dfrac{2}{3}t=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot6=4\\y=\dfrac{5}{3}t=\dfrac{5}{3}\cdot6=10\end{matrix}\right.\)
vậy các số x; y; z cần tìm lần lượt là 10; 4; 10
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
đặt \(\dfrac{x+2y}{3}=\dfrac{y+2z}{4}=\dfrac{z+2x}{5}=t\)
vậy ta đc \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2y=3t\left(1\right)\\y+2z=4t\left(2\right)\\z+2x=5t\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
từ (1) ta có: x = 3t - 2y
thay vào (3) ta được: z + 2 × (3t - 2y) = 5t
=> z + 6t - 4y = 5t => z = -t + 4y (3')
từ (2) ta có: \(z=\dfrac{4t-y}{2}\left(2'\right)\)
từ (2') và (3') ta có:
\(-t+4y=\dfrac{4t-y}{2}\\ -2t+8y=4t-y\\ 9y=6t=>y=\dfrac{2}{3}t\)
thay vào (1): \(x=3t-2\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}t=3t-\dfrac{4}{3}t=\dfrac{5}{3}t\)
thay vào (2'): \(z=\dfrac{4t-\dfrac{2}{3}t}{2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{10}{3}t}{2}=\dfrac{5}{3}t\)
vậy: \(x=\dfrac{5}{3}t;y=\dfrac{2}{3}t;z=\dfrac{5}{3}t\)
thay các giá trị này vào biểu thức trên ta được:
\(xy+yz+2zx=\dfrac{5}{3}t\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}t+\dfrac{2}{3}t\cdot\dfrac{5}{3}t+\dfrac{5}{3}t\cdot\dfrac{5}{3}t\\ xy+yz+2zx=\dfrac{10}{9}t^2+\dfrac{10}{9}t^2+\dfrac{50}{9}t^2\\ =>\dfrac{70}{9}t^2=280=>t=6\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{3}t=\dfrac{5}{3}\cdot6=10\\y=\dfrac{2}{3}t=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot6=4\\y=\dfrac{5}{3}t=\dfrac{5}{3}\cdot6=10\end{matrix}\right.\)
vậy các số x; y; z cần tìm lần lượt là 10; 4; 10
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(gt\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}+y\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}+z\sqrt{2y^2+xy+2x^2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}+y\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-z\right)^2}+z\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-y\right)^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left[x.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(z+y\right)}{2}+y.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2}+z.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2}\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(z+y\right)}{2yz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2xz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2xy}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(1+1+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\) (bunhia)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=9\)
Thấy : \(\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}=\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(y+z\right)>0\)
CMTT : \(\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+z\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{2y^2+xy+2x^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+y\right)\)
Suy ra : \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{xyz}.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left[x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{5}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có : \(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}=\sqrt{xyz}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)
Mặt khác : \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Suy ra : \(P\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\)
" = " \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=9\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2\ge3xyz\left(x+y+z\right)=9\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx\ge3\)
\(2\left(x^2+y^2\right)-xy\ge\left(x+y\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\)
Tương tự và nhân vế với vế:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{27}{64}\left[\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\right]^2\)
Mặt khác ta có:
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-xyz\)
\(\ge\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-\sqrt[3]{xyz}.\sqrt[3]{xy.yz.zx}\)
\(\ge\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)-\dfrac{1}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}.\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{27}{64}.\dfrac{64}{81}.3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^3\ge3^3=27\) (đpcm)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:
\(2\left(2x^2+xy+2y^2\right)=3\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\left(x+y\right)^2\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x+y\right)^2+1\left(x+y\right)^2=\dfrac{5}{2}\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x^2+xy+2y^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+y\right)\)
Gợi ý. Dùng cái trên.
đặt \(\dfrac{x+2y}{3}=\dfrac{y+2z}{4}=\dfrac{z+2x}{5}=t\)
vậy ta đc \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2y=3t\left(1\right)\\y+2z=4t\left(2\right)\\z+2x=5t\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
từ (1) ta có: x = 3t - 2y
thay vào (3) ta được: z + 2 × (3t - 2y) = 5t
=> z + 6t - 4y = 5t => z = -t + 4y (3')
từ (2) ta có: \(z=\dfrac{4t-y}{2}\left(2'\right)\)
từ (2') và (3') ta có:
\(-t+4y=\dfrac{4t-y}{2}\\ -2t+8y=4t-y\\ 9y=6t=>y=\dfrac{2}{3}t\)
thay vào (1): \(x=3t-2\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}t=3t-\dfrac{4}{3}t=\dfrac{5}{3}t\)
thay vào (2'): \(z=\dfrac{4t-\dfrac{2}{3}t}{2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{10}{3}t}{2}=\dfrac{5}{3}t\)
vậy: \(x=\dfrac{5}{3}t;y=\dfrac{2}{3}t;z=\dfrac{5}{3}t\)
thay các giá trị này vào biểu thức trên ta được:
\(xy+yz+2zx=\dfrac{5}{3}t\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}t+\dfrac{2}{3}t\cdot\dfrac{5}{3}t+\dfrac{5}{3}t\cdot\dfrac{5}{3}t\\ xy+yz+2zx=\dfrac{10}{9}t^2+\dfrac{10}{9}t^2+\dfrac{50}{9}t^2\\ =>\dfrac{70}{9}t^2=280=>t=6\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{3}t=\dfrac{5}{3}\cdot6=10\\y=\dfrac{2}{3}t=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot6=4\\y=\dfrac{5}{3}t=\dfrac{5}{3}\cdot6=10\end{matrix}\right.\)
vậy các số x; y; z cần tìm lần lượt là 10; 4; 10