tính giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức P=x^2-x+1/x^2+x+1 với các giá trị của x>0
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a) \(\left(\frac{x+3}{x-2}+\frac{x+2}{3-x}+\frac{x+2}{x^2-5x+6}\right):\left(\frac{1-x}{x+1}\right)\)
= \(\left(\frac{x+3}{x-2}-\frac{x+2}{x-3}+\frac{x+2}{x^2-2x-3x+6}\right):\left(\frac{1-x}{x+1}\right)\)
= \(\left(\frac{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)}-\frac{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)}+\frac{x+2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)}\right):\left(\frac{1-x}{x+1}\right)\)
= \(\left(\frac{x^2-9-x^2+4+x+2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)}\right).\frac{x+1}{1-x}\)
=\(\frac{-3+x}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)}.\frac{x+1}{1-x}\)
=\(\frac{1}{\left(x-2\right)}.\frac{x+1}{1-x}\)
=\(\frac{x+1}{\left(x-2\right)\left(1-x\right)}\)
b) Để A >1 \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+1}{\left(x-2\right)\left(1-x\right)}>1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{-\left(1-x\right)\left(3-x\right)}{\left(x-2\right)\left(1-x\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-3}{x-2}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-3\ge0\\x-2>0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x\ge3\\x>2\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}x\ge3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-3< 0\\x-2< 0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x< 3\\x< 2\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}x< 2}\)
Vậy ...
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a, Ta có : \(x=4\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{2+1}{2+2}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy với x = 4 thì A = 3/4
b, \(B=\frac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\frac{\sqrt{x}+5}{x-1}=\frac{3\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)-\sqrt{x}-5}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{3\sqrt{x}+3-\sqrt{x}-5}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\frac{2\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)( đpcm )
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bài này ta có thể giải theo 2 cách
ta có A = \(\frac{x^2-2x+2011}{x^2}\)
= \(\frac{x^2}{x^2}\)- \(\frac{2x}{x^2}\)+ \(\frac{2011}{x^2}\)
= 1 - \(\frac{2}{x}\)+ \(\frac{2011}{x^2}\)
đặt \(\frac{1}{x}\)= y ta có
A= 1- 2y + 2011y^2
cách 1 :
A = 2011y^2 - 2y + 1
= 2011 ( y^2 - \(\frac{2}{2011}y\)+ \(\frac{1}{2011}\))
= 2011( y^2 - 2.y.\(\frac{1}{2011}\)+ \(\frac{1}{2011^2}\)- \(\frac{1}{2011^2}\) + \(\frac{1}{2011}\))
= 2011 \(\left(\left(y-\frac{1}{2011}\right)^2\right)+\frac{2010}{2011^2}\)
= 2011\(\left(y-\frac{1}{2011}\right)^2\)+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)
vì ( y - \(\frac{1}{2011}\)) 2>=0
=> 2011\(\left(y-\frac{1}{2011}\right)^2\)+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)> = \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)
hay A >=\(\frac{2010}{2011}\)
cách 2
A = 2011y^2 - 2y + 1
= ( \(\sqrt{2011y^2}\)) - 2 . \(\sqrt{2011y}\). \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}\)+ \(\frac{1}{2011}\)+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)
= \(\left(\sqrt{2011y}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}\right)^2\)+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)
vì \(\left(\sqrt{2011y}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}\right)^2\)> =0
nên \(\left(\sqrt{2011y}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}\right)^2\)+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)>= \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)
hay A >= \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(A=2+x+y+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=2+\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+\left(2x+\frac{1}{x}\right)+\left(2y+\frac{1}{y}\right)-\left(x+y\right)\)
Áp dụng cô-si cho từng cặp là ok,,,,
Riêng cặp cuối \(x+y\le\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow-\left(x+y\right)\ge-\sqrt{2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 5:
a: Thay \(x=4+2\sqrt{3}\) vào E, ta được:
\(E=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+1-1}{\sqrt{3}+1-3}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}-2}=-3-2\sqrt{3}\)
b: Để E<1 thì E-1<0
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1-\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}-3}< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-3< 0\)
hay x<9
Kết hợp ĐKXĐ, ta được: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0\le x< 9\\x\ne1\end{matrix}\right.\)
c: Để E nguyên thì \(4⋮\sqrt{x}-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-3\in\left\{-2;1;2;4\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{4;5;7\right\}\)
hay \(x\in\left\{16;25;49\right\}\)
Câu 2:
a) Ta có \(x=4-2\sqrt{3}\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-2\right)^2}=\sqrt{3}-2\)
Thay \(x=\sqrt{3}-1\) vào \(B\), ta được
\(B=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1-2}{\sqrt{3}-1+1}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-3}{\sqrt{3}}=1-\sqrt{3}\)
b) Để \(B\) âm thì \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+1}< 0\) mà \(\sqrt{x}+1\ge1>0\forall x\) \(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}-2< 0\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}< 2\Rightarrow x< 4\)
c) Ta có \(B=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+1}=1-\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
Với mọi \(x\ge0\) thì \(\sqrt{x}\ge0\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+1\ge1\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}+1}\le3\Rightarrow B=1-\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}+1}\ge-2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\sqrt{x}+1=1\Leftrightarrow x=0\)
Vậy \(B_{min}=-2\) khi \(x=0\)
P/s: ko chắc
\(P=\frac{x^2-x+1}{x^2+x+1}\)
\(P=\frac{x^2}{x^2+x+1}-\frac{x}{x^2+x+1}+\frac{1}{x^2+x+1}\)
\(P=x^2\cdot\frac{1}{x^2+x+1}-x\cdot\frac{1}{x^2+x+1}+\frac{1}{x^2+x+1}\)
\(P=\frac{1}{x^2+x+1}\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(P=\frac{1}{x^2+x+1}\left[x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right]\)
\(P=\frac{1}{x^2+x+1}\left[\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]\)
\(P=\frac{1}{x^2+x+1}\cdot\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{x^2+x+1}\cdot\frac{3}{4}\)
Vì \(\frac{1}{x^2+x+1}\cdot\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{x^2+x+1}\cdot\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+x+1}\cdot\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\Leftrightarrow x-\frac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy...
dễ hơn nè
Ta thấy x2 + x + 1 > 0
Ta có : 2 ( x - 1 )2 \(\ge\)0 \(\Rightarrow\)2x2 - 4x + 2 \(\ge\)0 \(\Rightarrow\)3 ( x2 - x + 1 ) \(\ge\)x2 + x + 1
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2-x+1}{x^2+x+1}\ge\frac{1}{3}\) . Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)x = 1