Question

[Giang Nguyen]

tổng hợp kiến thức anh văn lớp 8 HKII
mấy bạn soạn hộ mình với mình cần gấp lắm mấy bạn ạ

Answer 1

[Nguyễn Thị Thu Trang]

A. Các dạng câu thường gặp:

I. Câu bị động đặc biệt:

1.Câu bị động với think/believe/say…:

a,
+CĐ: S (People, They,…..) + say/think/believe…+ that +………
-BĐ: S + is/am/are + said/thought/believed…+ to V…………
It + is/am/are + said/thought/believed… that +…………

b,
+CĐ: S (People,They,…..) + said/thought/believed…+ that….
-BĐ: S + was/were + said/thought/believed…+ to have + V(pII)
It + was/were+ said/thought/believed… that +…………

Eg: - People believe that 13 is an unlucky number.
=> 13 is belived to be an unlucky number.
=> It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number.

- They thought that Mai had gone away.
=> Mai was thought to have gone away.
=> It was thought that Mai had gone away.

2. Câu bị động với “have”:

+CĐ: S + have/has/had + sb + V + st+ …….
-BĐ: S + have/has/had + st + V(pII) + (by sb)...

Eg: I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.
=> I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.

3. Câu bị động với “get”:

+CĐ: S + get/gets/got + sb + to V + st +…….
-BĐ: S + get/gets/got + st + V(pII) + (by sb)...

Eg: I got him to repair my car last week.
=> I got my car repaired last week.

4. Câu bị động với “make”:

+CĐ: S + make/made + sb + V + st +……
-BĐ: S (sb) + is/are//was/were made + to V+ st +……

Eg: The step mother made Littele Pea do the chores all day.
=> Littele Pea was made to do the chores all day.

5. Need:

+CĐ: S + need + to V+ st +……..
-BĐ: S (st)+ need + to be V(pII).
S (st)+ need+ V-ing.

Eg: You need to cut your hair.
=>Your hair need to be cut.
=> Your hair need cutting.

II. Câu trực tiếp, gián tiếp:

A, Các dạng câu chuyển gián tiếp:

1. Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu:

- Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu có các dạng:

“(Don’t) + V +…..+ (please)”

“Will/Would/Can/Could + S + (not) +……+ (please)?”

“Would you mind + (not) + V-ing +…..?”

=>S + told/asked/warned (cảnh báo)/begged (cầu xin)/ordered (ra lệnh)/reminded (nhắc nhở)+ O
+ (not) toV…

Eg: “Listen carefully” The teacher said to us.
=>The teacher told/asked us to listen carefully.

“Don’t make noise, Jim” The perfect said.
=>The perfect ordered Jim not to make noise.

“Would you mind putting out your cigarette?”- said a woman.
=>A woman reminded me to put out my cigatette.

*Câu yêu cầu với động từ tường thuật “asked” có dạng:

“I’d like+……..”
“Can/Could I have+……..”

Khi chuyển gián tiếp ta áp dụng công thức:
S+asked(+O)+for+st+…..

Eg: In the café,the man said: “I’d like a cup of tea”.
=>The man asked for a cup of tea.

2. Lời khuyên:
- Lời khuyên có các dạng:

“S+should(not)/ought (not) to/had better(not)+V+……..”

“Why don’t you+V+…….”

“If I were you, I would+V+…….”

=>S1+said+(to+O)+that+S2+should+V+…….

=>S+advised/encouraged(khuyến khích)+ O+to V+…….

Eg: “You should run faster” The teacher said.
=>The teacher said that I should run faster.
=>The teacher advised me to run faster.

“Why don’t you take off your coat?” She said.
=>She advised me to take off my coat.

“If I were you,I would stop smoking” He said.
=>He advised me to stop smoking.

“Go on,apply for the job”Mrs.Smith said.
=> Mrs.Smith encouraged me to apply for the job”

3. Câu trần thuật:

Câu trần thuật có dạng: “S+V(s/es/ed/pI/pII)+…….”
=>S+said+that+S+V(lùi thì)+………

Eg: “I will have an important contest tomorrow.”She said.
=>She said that she would have an important contest the next day.

4. Câu hỏi:
a, Yes/No questions:

Yes/No question có dạng: “Trợ động từ+S+V+…..?”
=>S1+asked+O+if/whether+S2(O)+V(lùi thì)+……

Eg: “Do you like SNSD?” Seohyun said to Kyuhyun.
=> Seohyun asked Kyuhyun if/whether he liked SNSD.

b, Wh questions:
Wh questions có dạng: “Wh+trợ động từ+S+V+…..?”
=>S1+asked+O+Wh+S2(O)+V(lùi thì)+…….

Eg: “Where will you go tomorrow?” She said.
=>She asked me Where I would go the next day.

5. Lời mời, gợi ý:
a, Lời mời:

Lời mời có dạng: “Would you like+Noun/toV+……?”
=>S+invited+O+toV+……

Eg: “Would you like to come to my birthday party”Su said to Seohyun.
=> Su invited Seohyun to come to his birthday party.

b, Lời gợi ý:
Lời gợi ý có dạng:

“Let’s+V+…..!”= “Shall we+V+…..?”
“What/How about + V-ing/N +……?”
“Why don’t we/you+ V+….?”

* Nếu chủ ngữ tham gia vào hành động.( “Let’s + V +…..!” ; “Shall we + V +…..?” ;
“What/How about + V-ing/N +……?” “Why don’t we +V+….?”):
=>S + suggested + V-ing +……

* Nếu chủ ngữ không tham gia vào hành động mà chỉ gợi ý cho người khác.( “Why don’t
you+V+….?”)
=>S1 + suggested + that + S2 + should + V +……

Eg: “Let’s go to the movies” The boy said.
=>The boy suggested going to the movies.

“Why don’t you go out for a drink?” Trung said to Nga.
=>Trung suggested that Nga should go out for a drink.

c, Những câu có dạng:

“I’ll+V+…..+if you like.”
“Shall/Can/Could I+V+….?”
“Would you like me+toV+…..?”

Khi chuyển gián tiếp ta sử dụng động từ tường thuật “offered” công thức:
S+ offered + toV +…….+ if you like.

Eg: “Would you like me to finish the work tonight?
=>I’ll finish the work tonight if you like.
=>I offered to finish the work tonight if you like.

“I’ll do your housework for you if you like” She said.
=>She offered to do my housework for me if I liked.

6. Câu cảm thán:
- Câu cảm thán có dạng:

“What + (a/an) + adj + Noun!”
“How + adj + S + V!”
=>S1+exclaimed+that+S2+V/be(lùi thì)+……..

Eg: “What a lovely teddy bear!” The girl said.
= “How lovely the teddy bear is! The girl said.
=>The girl exclaimed that the teddy bear was lovely.

7. Lời nhắc nhở:

“Remember…” Khi chuyển sang gián tiếp ta áp dụng cấu trúc sau:
“Don’t forget…” S + reminded+ sb+ toV+….

Eg: She said to me; “Don’t forget to ring me up tomorrow evening”
=> She reminded me to ring her up the next eveining.

8. Sự đồng ý về quan điểm như: all right, yes, of course (áp dụng cấu trúc sau):

S + agreed + to V…

Eg: “All right, I’ll wait for you” He said.
=> He agreed to wait for me.

9. Câu trực tiếp diễn tả điều mong muốn như: would like, wish. Khi chuyển gián tiếp áp dụng cấu trúc:

S + wanted + O + to V+…

Eg: “I’d like Trung to be a famous person.”Trung’s English teacher.
=> Trung’s English teacher wanted him to be a famous person.

10. Từ chối:

S + refused + to V +…

Eg: ‘No, I won’t lend you my car”
=> He refused to lend me his car.

11. Lời hứa:

S + promised to V+…..

Eg: ‘I’ll send you a card on your birthday”
=> He promised to send me a card on my birthday.

12. Cảm ơn, xin lỗi:

a, Cảm ơn: S + thanked (+O) (for+V-ing/st) +…..

Eg: “It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much,” Tom said to you.
=>Tom thanked me for helping him.

b, Xin lỗi: S+ apologized (+to O) + for (+not) + (V-ing/st) +…….

Eg: “I’m sorry I’m late,” Peter said.
=>Peter apologized for being late.

13. Chúc mừng:

S + congratulated + O + on + V-ing/st+……

Eg: John said, “I heard you received the scholarship. Congratulations!”
=> John congratulated me on receiving the scholarship.

14. Mơ ước:

S + dreamed + of + V-ing/st+..…

Eg: “I want to pass the exam with flying colours,” John said.
=> John dreamed of passing the exam with flying colours.

“I’ve always wante to be rich, ” Bob said .
=> Bob had always dreamed of being rich.

15. Một số câu cần nhớ:

- She said, "Curse(nguyền rủa) this dog!" =>She cursed the dog.

- She said, "Luck!" => She wished me luck.

- She said, "Thank you very much!" => She thanked me very much.

- She said, "Congratulations!" => She congratulated me.

- She said, "Traitor(kẻ phản bội)/Liar(kẻ dối trá)!" => She called me a traitor/liar.

- She said, "Happy Christmas!" => She wished me a happy Christmas.

- She said, "Hell!(chết tiệt)" => She swore(chửi rủa).

- The notice said: "Welcome to Edinburgh" => The notice welcomed visitors to Edinburgh.

- "Good!" he exclaimed => He gave an exclamation of pleasure/satisfaction.

- “Ugh(Ối;Eo ơi)!" she exclaimed, and turned the programme off => With an exclamation of disgust(làm phẫn nộ) she turned the programme off.

- “Hello John”She said. => She greeted John.

16. Các hình thức hỗn hợp trong lời nói gián tiếp: (mixed forms in reported speech)

Lời nói trực tiếp có thể bao...

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