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a)Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{a}{2a+b+c}=\frac{a}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+c}\right)\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\frac{b}{a+2b+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right);\frac{c}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{c}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
b)Đặt \(THANG=abc\left(a^2+bc\right)\left(b^2+ac\right)\left(c^2+ab\right)>0\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{b+c}{a^2+bc}-\frac{c+a}{b^2+ac}-\frac{a+b}{a^2+ab}\)
\(=\frac{a^4b^4+b^4c^4+c^4a^4-a^4b^2c^2-b^4c^2a^2-c^4a^2b^2}{THANG}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^2b^2-b^2c^2\right)^2+\left(b^2c^2-c^2a^2\right)+\left(c^2a^2-a^2b^2\right)^2}{2THANG}\ge0\) (Đúng)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
c)Ta có:\(\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}-\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)+ac\left(a-c\right)}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\)
Và \(\frac{b^2}{c^2+a^2}-\frac{b}{c+a}=\frac{bc\left(b-c\right)+ab\left(b-a\right)}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c^2+a^2\right)}\)
\(\frac{c^2}{a^2+b^2}-\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{ac\left(c-a\right)+bc\left(c-b\right)}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b^2+a^2\right)}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 đăng thức trên ta có:
\(VT-VP=Σ\left[\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}-\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\right]\)
\(=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\right)\cdotΣ\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)\left(c^2+a^2\right)}\ge0\)
2 bài cuối full quy đồng mệt thật :v
ta thấy từ a+b+c=0 \(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)(được cm nhiều trg sách cx như trên mạng)
\(\frac{a^2}{bc}+\frac{b^2}{ac}+\frac{c^2}{ab}=\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{abc}=\frac{3abc}{abc}=3\)
suy ra đpcm
Ta có : \(a+b+c=0\)
Lập phương 2 vế lên ta có :
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^3=0^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
mà \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=-c\\b+c=-a\\a+c=-b\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(-a\right)\left(-b\right)\left(-c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
Ta lại có:
\(\frac{a^2}{bc}+\frac{b^2}{ca}+\frac{c^2}{ab}-3=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{abc}+\frac{b^3}{abc}+\frac{c^3}{abc}-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{abc}-3=0\)
Theo chứng minh trên có : \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3abc}{abc}-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3-3=0\)( đúng )
Vậy với \(a+b+c=0\left(a\ne0;b\ne0;c\ne0\right)\)thì \(\frac{a^2}{bc}+\frac{b^2}{ca}+\frac{c^2}{ab}-3=0\)
a. \(a^3+a^2c-abc+b^2c+b^3\)
<=> \(\left(a^3+b^3\right)+c\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\)
<=> (\(\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)+c\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\)
<=> \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\)
vì a+b+c =0 => đpcm
b. 2(a+1)(b+1)=(a+b)(a+b+2)
<=> \(2\left(ab+a+b+1\right)=\)\(a^2+ab+2a+ab+b^2+2b\)
<=> \(2ab+2a+2b+2=a^2ab+2a+ab+b^2+2b\)
<=> \(a^2+b^2=2\)=> đpcm
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
<=>\(a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
<=>\(ab+bc+ca=0\)
<=>\(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=0\)
<=> \(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=0\)
<=>\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=-\frac{1}{c}\)
<=>\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^3=-\frac{1}{c}^3\)
<=>\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{3}{ab}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\frac{1}{b^3}=\frac{-1}{c}^3\)
<=>\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ac}{b^2}+\frac{ab}{c^2}=\frac{abc}{a^3}+\frac{abc}{b^3}+\frac{abc}{c^3}=abc\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\right)=\frac{3abc}{abc}=3\)
Bài 2:
a) \(A=\dfrac{a^2}{bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{ab}\)
\(A=\dfrac{a^3}{abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{abc}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left[\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3\right]\)
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)
Nên a + b = -c (1)
Thay (1) vào A, ta được:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left[\left(-c\right)^3-3ab\left(-c\right)+c^3\right]\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}.3abc\)
\(A=3\)
b) \(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)
Nên b + c = -a
=> ( b + c )2 = (-a)2
=> b2 + c2 + 2bc = a2
=> b2 + c2 = a2 - 2bc (1)
Tương tự ta có: c2 + a2 = b2 - 2ac (2)
a2 + b2 = c - 2ab (3)
Thay (1), (2) và (3) vào B, ta được:
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-\left(a^2-2bc\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-\left(b^2-2ac\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-\left(c^2-2ab\right)}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-a^2+2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-b^2+2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-c^2+2ab}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{2abc}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{2abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Mà \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) ( câu a )
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{1}{2abc}.3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Bài 1:
a) GT: abc = 2
\(M=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+2}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2c}{ac+2c+2}\)
\(M=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{abc+2cb+2b}\)
\(M=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{2+2cb+2b}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{2\left(1+cb+b\right)}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(M=1\)
b) GT: abc = 1
\(N=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{cb}{b\left(ac+c+1\right)}\)
\(N=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{abc+bc+b}\)
\(N=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(N=1\)
a)
a) n2−3n+5 : n−2 = n - 1 (R=3) . Để phép chia hết nên suy ra: n-1 thuộc Ư(3) . Suy ra : n = { 4 ; -2 ; 0 ; 2 }
Lời giải:
a)
Xét hiệu \(\frac{a^3}{b}-(a^2+ab-b^2)=(\frac{a^3}{b}-a^2)-(ab-b^2)\)
\(=\frac{a^3-a^2b}{b}-b(a-b)=\frac{a^2(a-b)}{b}-b(a-b)=(a-b)\left(\frac{a^2}{b}-b\right)\)
\(=(a-b).\frac{a^2-b^2}{b}=\frac{(a-b)^2(a+b)}{b}\geq 0, \forall a,b>0\)
Do đó \(\frac{a^3}{b}\geq a^2+ab-b^2\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b$
b)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho các số dương:
\(\frac{a^3}{b}+ab\geq 2a^2\)
\(\frac{b^3}{c}+bc\geq 2b^2\)
\(\frac{c^3}{a}+ac\geq 2c^2\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\geq 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)-(ab+bc+ac)\)
Mà cũng theo BĐT Cauchy:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{2}\geq \frac{2ab}{2}+\frac{2bc}{2}+\frac{2ca}{2}=ab+bc+ca\)
\( \Rightarrow \frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\geq 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)-(ab+bc+ac)\geq 2(ab+bc+ac)-(ab+bc+ac)=ab+bc+ac\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
a)Đặt \(T=\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ac+c+1}=1\) (*)
Từ \(abc=1\Rightarrow c=\frac{1}{ab}\).Thay vào (*) ta có:
\(T=\frac{1}{1+a+ab}+\frac{1}{1+b+\frac{1}{a}}+\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{b}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1+a+ab}+\frac{1}{\frac{a+ab+1}{a}}+\frac{1}{\frac{ab+1+a}{ab}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a+ab+1}+\frac{a}{a+ab+1}+\frac{ab}{a+ab+1}\)
\(=\frac{a+ab+1}{a+ab+1}=1=VP\) (Đpcm)
b)Áp dụng Bđt Cô-si ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b^2}\cdot\frac{b^2}{c^2}}=\frac{2a}{c}\)
\(\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{c^2}\cdot\frac{c^2}{a^2}}=\frac{2b}{a}\)
\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b^2}\cdot\frac{c^2}{a^2}}=\frac{2c}{b}\)
Cộng theo vế ta có:
\(\frac{2a^2}{b^2}+\frac{2b^2}{c^2}+\frac{2c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{2a}{c}+\frac{2b}{a}+\frac{2c}{b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\) (Đpcm)
Dấu = khi a=b=c
khum bt
Dòng 3 phải là a^2+ac+c^2 chứ.
Bài làm ta lấy biểu thức 1- biểu thức 2 - biểu thức 3;.
=>Ta được ab-ac-2c^2=0.
=>ab=ac+2c^2.
=>ab+ac=2ac+2c^2.
=>2c/a=b+c/a+c (đpcm).