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Câu 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(x^4+y^2\geq 2\sqrt{x^4y^2}=2x^2y\Rightarrow \frac{x}{x^4+y^2}\leq \frac{x}{2x^2y}=\frac{1}{2xy}=\frac{1}{2}(1)\)
\(x^2+y^4\geq 2\sqrt{x^2y^4}=2xy^2\Rightarrow \frac{y}{x^2+y^4}\leq \frac{y}{2xy^2}=\frac{1}{2xy}=\frac{1}{2}(2)\)
Lấy \((1)+(2)\Rightarrow A\leq \frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}=1\)
Vậy \(A_{\max}=1\). Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=1\)
Câu 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\left(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}\right)(x^2+y^2+2xy)\geq (1+1)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}\geq \frac{4}{x^2+y^2+2xy}=\frac{4}{(x+y)^2}\geq \frac{4}{1}=4(*)\)
(do \(x+y\leq 1\) )
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(\frac{1}{4xy}+4xy\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{4xy}{4xy}}=2(**)\)
\(x+y\geq 2\sqrt{xy}\Leftrightarrow 1\geq 2\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow xy\leq \frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{5}{4xy}\geq \frac{5}{4.\frac{1}{4}}=5(***)\)
Cộng \((*)+(**)+(***)\Rightarrow B\geq 4+2+5=11\)
Vậy \(B_{\min}=11\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Bài 2 :
a) \(P=x^2+y^2+xy+x+y\)
\(2P=2x^2+2y^2+2xy+2x+2y\)
\(2P=x^2+2xy+y^2+x^2+2x+1+y^2+2y+1-2\)
\(2P=\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2-2\)
\(P=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2-2}{2}\)
\(P=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2}{2}-1\le-1\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=0\\x+1=0\\y+1=0\end{cases}}\)
Mình nghĩ đề phải là tìm GTLN của \(P=x^2+y^2+xy+x-y\)hoặc đổi dấu x và y thì dấu "=" mới xảy ra đc
@ Phương ơi ! Cái dòng \(P=\)cuối ấy . Chỗ đấy là \(\ge-1\)em nhé!
3.
\(A=\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+2}=\dfrac{x^2+2-x^2+2x-1}{x^2+2}=\dfrac{\left(x^2+2\right)-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)}{x^2+2}=1-\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{x^2+2}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{x^2+2}\ge0\forall x\in R\)
⇒ \(A=1-\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{x^2+2}\le1\)
Vậy: \(Max_A=1\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
* \(A=\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+2}=\dfrac{2\left(2x+1\right)}{2\left(x^2+2\right)}=\dfrac{4x+2}{2\left(x^2+2\right)}=\dfrac{-x^2-2+x^2+4x+4}{2\left(x^2+2\right)}\)
\(=-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{x^2+4x+4}{x^2+2}=-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)^2}{x^2+2}\ge-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy: \(Min_A=-\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)
* \(B=\dfrac{4x+3}{x^2+1}\) ( 1 cách khác)
\(\Rightarrow B\left(x^2+1\right)=4x+3\)
\(\Rightarrow Bx^2-4x+B-3=0\) (1) \(\left(a=B;b=-4,c=B-3\right)\)
* Với B = 0, pt (1) có nghiệm x = \(-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
* Với B ≠ 0, pt (1) có nghiệm khi và chỉ khi:
\(\Delta=b^2-4ac\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(-4\right)^2-4.B.\left(B-3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow16-4B^2+12B\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(B-4\right)\left(B+1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow-1\le B\le4\)
Suy ra: \(Min_B=-1\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-b}{2a}=\dfrac{4}{2.\left(-1\right)}=-2\)
\(Max_B=4\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-b}{2a}=\dfrac{4}{2.4}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2=4\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+\dfrac{2}{ab}+\dfrac{2}{ac}+\dfrac{2}{bc}=4\)
<=>\(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\) +\(2\left(\dfrac{c}{abc}+\dfrac{b}{abc}+\dfrac{a}{abc}\right)=4\)
<=> \(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{abc}\right)=4\)
<=> \(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{abc}{abc}\right)=4\) (vì a+b+c =abc)
<=> \(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2=4\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}=2\left(đpcm\right)\)
1/a/
\(A=\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{3}{x^2+y^2}=\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{4}{x^2+y^2}\right)-\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(1+1+2\right)^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}-\frac{1}{\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}}=16-2=14\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
b/
\(4B=\frac{4}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{8}{xy}+16xy=\left(\frac{4}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{xy}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{xy}+16xy\right)+\frac{5}{xy}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(1+1+2\right)^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{xy}.16xy}+\frac{5}{\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}}\)
\(=16+8+20=44\)
\(\Rightarrow B\ge11\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(A=\frac{3x^2+3xy+3y^2-2x^2-4xy-2y^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}=3-\frac{2\left(x+y\right)^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}\le3\)
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{3}x^2+\frac{1}{3}xy+\frac{1}{3}y^2+\frac{2}{3}x^2-\frac{4}{3}xy+\frac{2}{3}y^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{\frac{2}{3}\left(x-y\right)^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\)
C=(x^2+xy+y^2=(x+y)^2/2+(x^2+y^2)≥}>0moi x,y
..
3B=(3x^2-3xy+3y^2)/C
3B=[2(x^2-2xy+y^2)-(x^2+xy+y^2)]/C=2(x-y)^2/C-1
3B≥-1=>B≥-1/3
khi x=y
B=[3(x^2+xy+y^2)-2(x^2+2xy+y^2)]/C
=3-2(x+y)^2/C≤3
B≤3
khi x=-y