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a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
mCu = mY = 9,6 (g)
Gọi số mol Al, Mg là a, b
=> 27a + 24b = 14,7 - 9,6 = 5,1 (g)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a-->3a-------->a------>1,5a
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b--->2b------->b----->b
=> 1,5a + b = 0,25
=> a = 0,1; b = 0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=9,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) nHCl(PTHH) = 3a + 2b = 0,5 (mol)
=> nHCl(thực tế) = \(\dfrac{0,5.120}{100}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3M\)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(AlCl_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\\C_{M\left(MgCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\\C_{M\left(HCldư\right)}=\dfrac{0,6-0,5}{0,2}=0,5M\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{9,6}{64}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Cu+Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuCl_2\)
0,15-->0,15
=> \(V_{Cl_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
Đáp án C.
Kim loại không phản ứng với H2SO4 loãng là Cu.
Gọi nCu = x, nMg = y, nAl = z
Ta có:
64x + 24y + 27z = 33,2 (1)
Bảo toàn e:
2nMg + 3nAl = 2nH2
=> 2y + 3z = 2.1 (2)
2nCu = 2nSO2 => x = 0.2 (mol) (3)
Từ 1, 2, 3 => x = 0,2; y = z = 0,4 (mol)
mCu = 0,2.64 = 12,8 (g)
mMg = 0,4.24 = 9,6 (g)
mAl = 10,8 (g)
n chất rắn =m Cu=19,2 g
=>m Mg, Al=29,4-19,2=10,2g
Mg+2HCl->MgCl2+H2
x-------------------------x
2Al+6HCl->2AlCl3+3H2
y--------------------------\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)y
=>Ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=10,2\\x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>x=0,2 mol , y=0,2 mol
=>% Cu=\(\dfrac{19,2}{29,4}\).100=65,3%
=>%Mg=\(\dfrac{0,2.24}{29,4}\).100=16,32%
=>%Al=100-65,3-16,32=18,28%
b)MgCl2+2AgNO3->2AgCl+Mg(NO3)2
0,2----------------------0,4
AlCl3+3AgNO3->Al(NO3)3+3AgCl
0,2-----------------------------------------0,6
=>m AgCl=(0,6+0,4).143,5=143,5g
Gọi số mol Al, Fe là a, b
\(m_{Cu}=m_B=6,4\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{Al}+m_{Fe}=17,4-6,4=11\left(g\right)\)
=> 27a + 56b = 11
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b----------------------->b
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a------------------------>1,5a
=> 1,5a + b = 0,4
=> a = 0,2; b = 0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Chất rắn k tan là Cu có m=19,2(g)
--> m Al+m Mg=29,4-19,2=10,2(g)
PTHH: 2Al+6HCl--->2AlCl3+3H2
--------x-------------------------1,5x
Mg+2HCl---->MgCl2+H2
y--------------------------y(mol)
n H2=11,2/22,4=0,5(mol)
Theo bài ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=10,2\\1,5x+y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
%m Cu=\(\frac{19,2}{29,4}.100\%=65,3\%\)
%m Al=\(\frac{0,2.27}{29,4}.100\%=18,37\%\)
%m Mg=100-65,3-18,37=16,33%
b) m HCl=\(\frac{600.7,3}{100}=43,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\frac{43,8}{36,5}=1,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H2}=\frac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H2}=0,6.2=1,2\left(g\right)\)
m dd sau pư = m KL+ m dd HCl - m H2
=10,2+600-1,2=609(g)
\(m_{AlCl3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{AlCl3}=\frac{26,7}{609}.100\%=4,28\%\)
\(m_{MgCl2}=0,2.95=19\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{MgCl2}=\frac{19}{609}.100\%=2,1\%\)
c) AlCl3+3AgNO3--->3AgCl+Al(NO3)3
0,2----------------------0,6(mol)
MgCl2+2AgNO3---->Mg(NO3)2+2AgCl
0,2-----------------------------------------0,4
Tổng n AgCl=0,6+0,4=1(mol)
m AgCl=1.143,5=143,5(g)
a) \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,05<-----------0,05---->0,075
=> \(\%Al=\dfrac{0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=9,54\%\)
=> \(\%Cu=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=90,46\%\)
b) \(V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,05->0,0375
2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
0,2-->0,1
=> \(V_{O_2}=\left(0,1+0,0375\right).22,4=3,08\left(l\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ m_{AlCl_3}=6,675\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_A=0,05.27=1,35\left(g\right);m_{Cu}=14,15-1,35=12,8\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{14,15}.100\approx90,459\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx9,541\%\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,05=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ 2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}.n_{Al}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,05+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,0875\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0875.22,4=1,96\left(l\right)\)
\(a)n_{Mg} = a ; n_{Al} = b \Rightarrow 24a +27b = 5,1(1)\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{5,6}{22,4} = 0,25(2)\\ (1)(2) \Rightarrow a = 0,1 ; b = 0,1\\ \%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\% = 44,44\%\ ;\ \%m_{Al} = 100\% -44,44\% = 55,56\%\\ b) n_{MgCl_2} = n_{Mg} = 0,1 \Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2} = 0,1.95 = 9,5(gam)\\ n_{AlCl_3} = n_{Al} = 0,1 \Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3} = 0,1.133,5 = 13,35(gam)\\ c)n_{HCl} = 2n_{Mg} + 3n_{Al} = 0,5(mol) \Rightarrow m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,5.36,5}{3,65\%} = 500(gam)\)
\(m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 5,1 + 500 - 0,25.2 = 504,6(gam)\\ C\%_{MgCl_2} = \dfrac{9,5}{504,6}.100\% = 1,89\%\\ C\%_{AlCl_3} = \dfrac{13,35}{504,6}.100\% = 2,65\%\)
a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow24a+27b=5,1\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=0,5\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%\approx47,06\%\\\%m_{Al}=52,94\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=250\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{250}{1,2}\approx208,33\left(ml\right)\)
Bài 6 : Chất rắn không tan là Cu
$m_{Cu} = 6,4(gam)$
Gọi $n_{Al} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 27a + 24b + 6,4 = 14,2(1)$
$2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 +3 H_2$
$Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$n_{H_2} = 1,5a + b = 0,4(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1
$\%m_{Al} = \dfrac{0,2.27}{14,2}.100\% = 38,03\%$
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,1.24}{14,2}.100\% =16,9\%$
$\%m_{Cu} = 100\% -38,03\% - 16,9\% = 45,07\%$
Bài 7 :
Gọi $n_{CuO} = a(mol) ; n_{ZnO} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 80a + 81b = 12,1(1)$
$CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O$
$ZnO + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2O$
$n_{HCl} = 2a + 2b = 0,1.3 = 0,3(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a= 0,05 ; b = 0,1
$\%m_{CuO} = \dfrac{0,05.80}{12,1}.100\% = 33,06\%$
$\%m_{ZnO} = 100\% - 33,06\% = 66,94\%$
Chất rắn C là Cu \(\Rightarrow\%_{Cu}=65,31\%\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}:a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}:b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
a______2a______a________a
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
b_______3b_____b______1,5b
Giải hệ PT:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b+19,2=29,4\\a+1,5b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)