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A. Các dạng câu thường gặp:
I. Câu bị động đặc biệt:
1.Câu bị động với think/believe/say…:a,
+CĐ: S (People, They,…..) + say/think/believe…+ that +………
-BĐ: S + is/am/are + said/thought/believed…+ to V…………
It + is/am/are + said/thought/believed… that +…………
b,
+CĐ: S (People,They,…..) + said/thought/believed…+ that….
-BĐ: S + was/were + said/thought/believed…+ to have + V(pII)
It + was/were+ said/thought/believed… that +…………
Eg: - People believe that 13 is an unlucky number.
=> 13 is belived to be an unlucky number.
=> It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number.
- They thought that Mai had gone away.
=> Mai was thought to have gone away.
=> It was thought that Mai had gone away.
2. Câu bị động với “have”:
+CĐ: S + have/has/had + sb + V + st+ …….
-BĐ: S + have/has/had + st + V(pII) + (by sb)...
Eg: I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.
=> I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.
3. Câu bị động với “get”:
+CĐ: S + get/gets/got + sb + to V + st +…….
-BĐ: S + get/gets/got + st + V(pII) + (by sb)...
Eg: I got him to repair my car last week.
=> I got my car repaired last week.
4. Câu bị động với “make”:
+CĐ: S + make/made + sb + V + st +……
-BĐ: S (sb) + is/are//was/were made + to V+ st +……
Eg: The step mother made Littele Pea do the chores all day.
=> Littele Pea was made to do the chores all day.
5. Need:
+CĐ: S + need + to V+ st +……..
-BĐ: S (st)+ need + to be V(pII).
S (st)+ need+ V-ing.
Eg: You need to cut your hair.
=>Your hair need to be cut.
=> Your hair need cutting.
II. Câu trực tiếp, gián tiếp:
A, Các dạng câu chuyển gián tiếp:1. Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu:
- Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu có các dạng:
“(Don’t) + V +…..+ (please)”
“Will/Would/Can/Could + S + (not) +……+ (please)?”
“Would you mind + (not) + V-ing +…..?”
=>S + told/asked/warned (cảnh báo)/begged (cầu xin)/ordered (ra lệnh)/reminded (nhắc nhở)+ O
+ (not) toV…
Eg: “Listen carefully” The teacher said to us.
=>The teacher told/asked us to listen carefully.
“Don’t make noise, Jim” The perfect said.
=>The perfect ordered Jim not to make noise.
“Would you mind putting out your cigarette?”- said a woman.
=>A woman reminded me to put out my cigatette.
*Câu yêu cầu với động từ tường thuật “asked” có dạng:
“I’d like+……..”
“Can/Could I have+……..”
Khi chuyển gián tiếp ta áp dụng công thức:
S+asked(+O)+for+st+…..
Eg: In the café,the man said: “I’d like a cup of tea”.
=>The man asked for a cup of tea.
2. Lời khuyên:
- Lời khuyên có các dạng:
“S+should(not)/ought (not) to/had better(not)+V+……..”
“Why don’t you+V+…….”
“If I were you, I would+V+…….”
=>S1+said+(to+O)+that+S2+should+V+…….
=>S+advised/encouraged(khuyến khích)+ O+to V+…….
Eg: “You should run faster” The teacher said.
=>The teacher said that I should run faster.
=>The teacher advised me to run faster.
“Why don’t you take off your coat?” She said.
=>She advised me to take off my coat.
“If I were you,I would stop smoking” He said.
=>He advised me to stop smoking.
“Go on,apply for the job”Mrs.Smith said.
=> Mrs.Smith encouraged me to apply for the job”
3. Câu trần thuật:
Câu trần thuật có dạng: “S+V(s/es/ed/pI/pII)+…….”
=>S+said+that+S+V(lùi thì)+………
Eg: “I will have an important contest tomorrow.”She said.
=>She said that she would have an important contest the next day.
4. Câu hỏi:
a, Yes/No questions:
Yes/No question có dạng: “Trợ động từ+S+V+…..?”
=>S1+asked+O+if/whether+S2(O)+V(lùi thì)+……
Eg: “Do you like SNSD?” Seohyun said to Kyuhyun.
=> Seohyun asked Kyuhyun if/whether he liked SNSD.
b, Wh questions:
Wh questions có dạng: “Wh+trợ động từ+S+V+…..?”
=>S1+asked+O+Wh+S2(O)+V(lùi thì)+…….
Eg: “Where will you go tomorrow?” She said.
=>She asked me Where I would go the next day.
5. Lời mời, gợi ý:
a, Lời mời:
Lời mời có dạng: “Would you like+Noun/toV+……?”
=>S+invited+O+toV+……
Eg: “Would you like to come to my birthday party”Su said to Seohyun.
=> Su invited Seohyun to come to his birthday party.
b, Lời gợi ý:
Lời gợi ý có dạng:
“Let’s+V+…..!”= “Shall we+V+…..?”
“What/How about + V-ing/N +……?”
“Why don’t we/you+ V+….?”
* Nếu chủ ngữ tham gia vào hành động.( “Let’s + V +…..!” ; “Shall we + V +…..?” ;
“What/How about + V-ing/N +……?” “Why don’t we +V+….?”):
=>S + suggested + V-ing +……
* Nếu chủ ngữ không tham gia vào hành động mà chỉ gợi ý cho người khác.( “Why don’t
you+V+….?”)
=>S1 + suggested + that + S2 + should + V +……
Eg: “Let’s go to the movies” The boy said.
=>The boy suggested going to the movies.
“Why don’t you go out for a drink?” Trung said to Nga.
=>Trung suggested that Nga should go out for a drink.
c, Những câu có dạng:
“I’ll+V+…..+if you like.”
“Shall/Can/Could I+V+….?”
“Would you like me+toV+…..?”
Khi chuyển gián tiếp ta sử dụng động từ tường thuật “offered” công thức:
S+ offered + toV +…….+ if you like.
Eg: “Would you like me to finish the work tonight?
=>I’ll finish the work tonight if you like.
=>I offered to finish the work tonight if you like.
“I’ll do your housework for you if you like” She said.
=>She offered to do my housework for me if I liked.
6. Câu cảm thán:
- Câu cảm thán có dạng:
“What + (a/an) + adj + Noun!”
“How + adj + S + V!”
=>S1+exclaimed+that+S2+V/be(lùi thì)+……..
Eg: “What a lovely teddy bear!” The girl said.
= “How lovely the teddy bear is! The girl said.
=>The girl exclaimed that the teddy bear was lovely.
7. Lời nhắc nhở:
“Remember…” Khi chuyển sang gián tiếp ta áp dụng cấu trúc sau:
“Don’t forget…” S + reminded+ sb+ toV+….
Eg: She said to me; “Don’t forget to ring me up tomorrow evening”
=> She reminded me to ring her up the next eveining.
8. Sự đồng ý về quan điểm như: all right, yes, of course (áp dụng cấu trúc sau):
S + agreed + to V…
Eg: “All right, I’ll wait for you” He said.
=> He agreed to wait for me.
9. Câu trực tiếp diễn tả điều mong muốn như: would like, wish. Khi chuyển gián tiếp áp dụng cấu trúc:
S + wanted + O + to V+…
Eg: “I’d like Trung to be a famous person.”Trung’s English teacher.
=> Trung’s English teacher wanted him to be a famous person.
10. Từ chối:
S + refused + to V +…
Eg: ‘No, I won’t lend you my car”
=> He refused to lend me his car.
11. Lời hứa:
S + promised to V+…..
Eg: ‘I’ll send you a card on your birthday”
=> He promised to send me a card on my birthday.
12. Cảm ơn, xin lỗi:
a, Cảm ơn: S + thanked (+O) (for+V-ing/st) +…..
Eg: “It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much,” Tom said to you.
=>Tom thanked me for helping him.
b, Xin lỗi: S+ apologized (+to O) + for (+not) + (V-ing/st) +…….
Eg: “I’m sorry I’m late,” Peter said.
=>Peter apologized for being late.
13. Chúc mừng:
S + congratulated + O + on + V-ing/st+……
Eg: John said, “I heard you received the scholarship. Congratulations!”
=> John congratulated me on receiving the scholarship.
14. Mơ ước:
S + dreamed + of + V-ing/st+..…
Eg: “I want to pass the exam with flying colours,” John said.
=> John dreamed of passing the exam with flying colours.
“I’ve always wante to be rich, ” Bob said .
=> Bob had always dreamed of being rich.
15. Một số câu cần nhớ:
- She said, "Curse(nguyền rủa) this dog!" =>She cursed the dog.
- She said, "Luck!" => She wished me luck.
- She said, "Thank you very much!" => She thanked me very much.
- She said, "Congratulations!" => She congratulated me.
- She said, "Traitor(kẻ phản bội)/Liar(kẻ dối trá)!" => She called me a traitor/liar.
- She said, "Happy Christmas!" => She wished me a happy Christmas.
- She said, "Hell!(chết tiệt)" => She swore(chửi rủa).
- The notice said: "Welcome to Edinburgh" => The notice welcomed visitors to Edinburgh.
- "Good!" he exclaimed => He gave an exclamation of pleasure/satisfaction.
- “Ugh(Ối;Eo ơi)!" she exclaimed, and turned the programme off => With an exclamation of disgust(làm phẫn nộ) she turned the programme off.
- “Hello John”She said. => She greeted John.
16. Các hình thức hỗn hợp trong lời nói gián tiếp: (mixed forms in reported speech)
Lời nói trực tiếp có thể bao...
1. brother / usually / have / some rice / dinner.
=> My brother usually have som rice for dinner.
2. Nam / not play / lot / sports / when / he / be / child.
=> Nam didn't play lots of sports when he was a child.
3. Garbage / should / recycled / protect / environment.
=> The Garbage should be recycled to protect enviroment.
4.We / go / travel / Ho Chi Minh City / train / next Sunday.
=> We will go travel to HCM City by train next Sunday.
5.This house / not / big / enough / family / live in.
=>This house isn't big enough for my family live in
1. Our new house will be finished at the end of the month.
2. A new president has been elected.
3. The damaged stadium is being rebuilt
4. Most of this magazine are written by students.
5. My laptop was stolen by a burglar.
* Rewrite the sentences :
1. Yesterday the temperature was 9 degrees. Today it's only 6 degrees
→ It is colder today than it was yesterday.
2. The journey takes 4 hours by car and 5 hours by train.
→→ It takes longer by train than by car.
3. I expected my friends to arrive about 4 o'clock. In fact they arrived at 2:30.
→→ My friend arrive earlier than I expected.
4. Chris and Joe both did badly in the exam. Chris got 20% but Joe only got 15%
→→ Joe did worse than Chris.
5. We were busy at work today. We are not as busy as that everyday.
→→ We were busier at work today than usual.
6. This boy doesn't help me much. He can help me much.
→→ This boy doesn't help me much and neither can he.
1. Yesterday the temperature was 9 degrees. Today it's only 6 degrees
→ It is today's temperature which is lower than yesterday's
2. The journey takes 4 hours by car and 5 hours by train.
→ It takes the journey 4 hours travelling by car and 5 hours travelling by train.
3. I expected my friends to arrive about 4 o'clock. In fact they arrived at 2:30.
→ My friend arrived earlier than I expected.
4. Chris and Joe both did badly in the exam. Chris got 20% but Joe only got 15%
→ Joe did the exam worse than Chris.
5. We were busy at work today. We are not as busy as that everyday.
→ We have never been busier at work than today before.
6. This boy doesn't help me much. He can help me much.
→ This boy doesn't help me as much as him.
1 who did you see?
2 What did her neighborhood give her?
1.I saw her last night.
---> When did you see her last night?
2.Her neighbor gave her a nice dress.
---> What did the neighbor give her?
moi nguoi ơi giúp mik vs ạ mai thi rồi 1 trong 3 cũng được hay my house di