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a)Áp dụng BDT AM-GM ta có:
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{a}\cdot\frac{1}{b}\cdot\frac{1}{c}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\)
Nhân theo vế ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
ĐKXĐ:\(\hept{\begin{cases}a,b\ne0\\x\ne b\\x\ne c\end{cases}}\)
Ta có:\(\frac{2}{a\left(b-x\right)}-\frac{2}{b\left(b-x\right)}=\frac{1}{a\left(c-x\right)}-\frac{1}{b\left(c-x\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{b-x}\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}\right)=\frac{1}{c-x}\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(\frac{2}{b-x}-\frac{1}{c-x}\right)=0\)
Nếu \(a=b\)thì phương trình đúng với mọi nghiệm x
Nếu \(a\ne b\)thì phương trình có nghiệm
\(\frac{2}{b-x}-\frac{1}{c-x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(c-x\right)}{\left(c-x\right)\left(b-x\right)}-\frac{1\left(b-x\right)}{\left(c-x\right)\left(b-x\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2c-2x-b+x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x=b-2c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2c-b\left(tmđkxđ\right)\)
Vậy ..............................................................................................
a) \(\frac{a+b-x}{c}+\frac{b+c-x}{a}+\frac{c+a-x}{b}+\frac{4x}{a+b+c}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b-x}{c}+1+\frac{b+c-x}{a}+1+\frac{c+a-x}{b}+1+\frac{4x}{a+b+c}-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b+c-x}{c}+\frac{a+b+c-x}{a}+\frac{a+b+c-x}{b}+\frac{4x-4\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-a-b-x\right)\left(\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}+\frac{1}{ab}\right)=0\)
b)đề bài như trên
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x-a-b-c}{bc}\right)+\left(\frac{x-b}{ca}-\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{c}\right)+\left(\frac{x-c}{ab}-\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-a-b-c\right)\left(\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}+\frac{1}{ab}\right)=0\)
pt <=> \(\frac{a+b+c-x}{c}+\frac{a+b+c-x}{a}+\frac{a+b+c-x}{b}+\frac{4x+a+b+c}{a+b+c}=5\) (Cộng 4 vào mỗi vế)
<=> \(\frac{a+b+c-x}{c}+\frac{a+b+c-x}{a}+\frac{a+b+c-x}{b}+\frac{4x+a+b+c-5\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=0\)
<=> \(\frac{a+b+c-x}{c}+\frac{a+b+c-x}{a}+\frac{a+b+c-x}{b}+\frac{4x-4a-4b-4c}{a+b+c}=0\)
<=> \(\left(a+b+c-x\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{4}{a+b+c}\right)=0\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng engel, ta có :
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c}=\frac{9}{a+b+c}>\frac{4}{a+b+c}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{4}{a+b+c}>0\)
Vậy phương trình trên có nghiệm là
x = a + b + c
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PT : \(\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{x-a+b}\). Điều kiện xác định : \(x\ne0,x\ne a-b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab-bx+ax}{abx}=\frac{1}{x-a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab-bx+ax\right)\left(x-a+b\right)=abx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[x\left(a-b\right)+ab\right]\left[x-\left(a-b\right)\right]=abx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[x-\left(a-b\right)\right].x\left(a-b\right)+\left[x-\left(a-b\right)\right].ab=abx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(a-b\right)-x\left(a-b\right)^2+abx-ab\left(a-b\right)=abx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)x^2-\left(a-b\right)x-ab\right]=0\)
Đến đây bạn tự biện luận nhé :)