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\(2Mg+O_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow2MgO\\ 2Cu+O_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow2CuO\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=x\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=y\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{x}{24}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=\dfrac{x}{64}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ TheoPT:\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=\dfrac{x}{24}\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=\dfrac{x}{64}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=24\\\dfrac{x}{24}.40=25\%.\left(\dfrac{x}{24}.40+\dfrac{y}{64}.80\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=12\\y=12\end{matrix}\right.\)
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Gọi số mol Al, Na trong a gam hỗn hợp là x, y (mol)
=> 27x + 23y = a (1)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
x---------------->0,5x
4Na + O2 --to--> 2Na2O
y---------------->0,5y
=> 102.0,5x + 62.0,5y = 1,64.a
=> 51x + 31y = 1,64a (2)
(1)(2) => 51x + 31y = 1,64(27x + 23y)
=> 6,72x = 6,72y
=> x = y
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27x}{27x+23y}.100\%=54\%\\\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{23y}{27x+23y}.100\%=46\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
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Theo ĐLBT KL, có: mKL + mO2 = m oxit
⇒ mO2 = 13,1 - 1,5 = 11,6 (g)
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\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,953m}{22,4}=0,042545m\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right);n_{Cu}=z\left(mol\right)\left(x,y,z>0\right)\\\Rightarrow \left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y+64z=m\\40x+51y+80z=1,72m\\x+1,5y=0,042545m\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\approx0,012845m\\y\approx0,0198m\\z\approx0,002455m\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}\approx\dfrac{0,002455.64m}{m}.100\%\approx15,712\%\\ \%m_{Al}\approx\dfrac{27.0,0198m}{m}.100\%\approx53,46\%\\ \%m_{Mg}\approx\dfrac{0,012845.24m}{m}.100\%\approx30,828\%\)
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PTHH: 2Mg + O2 --> 2MgO (1)
a ---------------> a (mol)
2Cu + O2 --> 2CuO (2)
b -------------> b (mol)
(1)(2)=>\(\frac{40a}{80b}=\frac{20\%}{80\%}\) => \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{1}{2}\) => \(a=\frac{1}{2}b\)
(1)(2) => 24a + 64b = 3,8 (g) =>12b + 64b = 3,8
=> b = 0,05 (mol) ; a=0,025 (mol)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgO}=0,025.24=0,6\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=0,05.64=3,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: 2Mg + O2 --> 2MgO (1)
0,025 -> 0,0125 (mol)
2Cu + O2 --> 2CuO (2)
0,05 -> 0,025 (mol)
=> \(n_{O_2}=0,0125+0,025=0,0375\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{O_2}=0,0375.22,4=0,84\left(l\right)\)
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Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\x_{Ca}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+40y=17,6\\x=2y\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,4\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(m_{Mg}=0,4\cdot24=9,6g\)
\(m_{Ca}=0,2\cdot40=8g\)
b)\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\)
\(2Ca+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CaO\)
Từ hai pt: \(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Mg}+\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Ca}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot0,4+\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot0,2=0,3mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=0,3\cdot32=9,6g\)
\(V_{O_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72l\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{kk}=5V_{O_2}=5\cdot6,72=33,6l\)
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a)
Có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24.n_{Mg}+40.n_{Ca}=17,6\\n_{Mg}=2.n_{Ca}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ca}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Ca}=0,2.40=8\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,4.24=9,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
PTHH: 2Ca + O2 --to--> 2CaO
0,2-->0,1
2Mg + O2 --to--> 2MgO
0,4--->0,2
=> \(V_{O_2}=\left(0,1+0,2\right).22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(V_{kk}=6,72.5=33,6\left(l\right)\)
Bài này ta hiểu là pứ đã hết CuSO4, và Cu tạo thành đã bám vào đinh, nên khối lượng chiếc đinh mới tăng, và Fe pứ đã tan vào dung dịch.
Gọi x là số mol fe đã pứ. x > 0
`
Fe + CuSO4 =-------------------> FeSO4 + Cu
x -------- x ----------------------------------------... x mol
`
Vậy KL tăng sau pứ là do hiệu giữa KL Cu bám vào và KL Fe đã tan ra. m = 0.8 = 64x - 56x
<=> x = 0.1 mol
KL Cu m= 64*0.1 = 6.4 g
KL Fe pứ: m = 56*0.1 5.6 g
Nồng độ mol dung dịch CuSO4 ban đầu: C = 0.1/0.2 = 0.5 M