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\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)ac-abc\)
\(=\left(ab+b^2+bc\right)\left(a+c\right)+\left(a+c\right)ac+abc-abc\)
\(=\left(a+c\right)\left(ab+b^2+bc+ac\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
A= bc(a+d)(b-c) +ac(b+d)(c-a) + ab(c+d)(a-b)
A= bc(ab+ bd -ac -dc ) + ac(bc+cd -ab-ad )+ab(ac+ad-bc-bd)
A=(ab²c + b²cd -abc² -bdc² ) + (abc² + adc² -a²bc -a²cd ) + (a²bc + a²bd - ab²c -ab²d)
A= (ab²c + cb²d -ab²c-ab²d) + (c²ab -abc² -bdc² +adc² ) + ( a²bd +a²bc -a²bc -a²cd)
A= a²(bd-cd) + b²(cd-ad) + c²(ad-bd)
A=a²d(b-c) + b²d(c-a) + c²d(a-b)
A=d(a²b-a²c + b²c-b²a +c²a-c²b)
A=d[b(a²-c²) + c(b²-a²) + a(c² - b²)]
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky, ta được: \(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{ab}{a^2+bc+ca}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a^2+bc+ca\right)\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)}\le\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
Ta có: \(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=\frac{ab^3+bc^3+ca^3+2a^2bc+2ab^2c+2abc^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=\frac{ab^3+bc^3+ca^3+2.a\sqrt{ab}.c\sqrt{ab}+2.a\sqrt{bc}.b\sqrt{bc}+2.c\sqrt{ca}.b\sqrt{ca}}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\le\frac{ab^3+bc^3+ca^3+a^3b+abc^2+a^2bc+b^3c+c^3a+ab^2c}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki:
\(\left(a^2+bc+ca\right)\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{a^2+bc+ca}\le\frac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{bc}{b^2+ca+ab}\le\frac{bc\left(c^2+ca+ab\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\) ; \(\frac{ac}{c^2+ab+bc}\le\frac{ac\left(a^2+ab+bc\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\le\frac{ab^3+bc^3+ca^3+2a^2bc+2ab^2c+2abc^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
\(VT\le\frac{ab^3+bc^3+ca^3+2.a\sqrt{ab}.c\sqrt{ab}+2a\sqrt{bc}.b\sqrt{bc}+2c\sqrt{ac}.b\sqrt{ac}}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
\(VT\le\frac{ab^3+bc^3+ca^3+a^3b+abc^2+b^3c+a^2bc+ac^3+ab^2c}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
\(VT\le\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)ac-abc\)
\(=\left(ab+b^2+bc\right)\left(a+c\right)+\left(a+c\right)ac+abc-abc\)
\(=\left(a+c\right)\left(ab+b^2+bc+ac\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
\(M=\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
Đánh giá đại diện: \(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{\left(a-c\right)-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{1}{a-b}-\frac{1}{a-c}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{1}{b-c}-\frac{1}{b-a}\)
\(\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{1}{c-a}-\frac{1}{c-b}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{a-b}-\frac{1}{a-c}+\frac{1}{b-c}-\frac{1}{b-a}+\frac{1}{c-a}-\frac{1}{c-b}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=2\left(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\right)=2N\left(đpcm\right)\)
a) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có:
\(\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ac}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{abc^2}{ab}}=2\sqrt{c^2}=2\left|c\right|=2c\left(c>0\right)\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta được: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{ac}{b}+\dfrac{ab}{c}\ge2a\\\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ab}{c}\ge2b\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo vế: \(\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ac}{b}+\dfrac{ab}{c}\ge a+b+c\left(đpcm\right)\)
Áp dụng liên tiếp AM-GM và Cauchy-Schwarz ta được:
\(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}=\dfrac{ab+b^2-b^2}{a+b}=\dfrac{b\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}-\dfrac{b^2}{a+b}=b-\dfrac{b^2}{a+b}\)
Chứng minh tương tự:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{bc}{b+c}=\dfrac{bc+c^2-c^2}{b+c}=\dfrac{c\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}-\dfrac{c^2}{b+c}=c-\dfrac{c^2}{b+c}\\\dfrac{ac}{c+a}=\dfrac{ac+a^2-a^2}{c+a}=\dfrac{a\left(c+a\right)}{c+a}-\dfrac{a^2}{c+a}=a-\dfrac{a^2}{c+a}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{b+c}+\dfrac{ac}{a+c}=a+b+c-\left(\dfrac{b^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{c^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{a^2}{a+c}\right)\le\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=a+b+c-\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
b)Đặt \(A=\dfrac{ab}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{b+c}+\dfrac{ca}{c+a}\)
\(A=\dfrac{a\left(a+b\right)-a^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{b\left(b+c\right)-b^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{c\left(c+a\right)-c^2}{c+a}\)
\(A=a+b+c-\dfrac{a^2}{a+b}-\dfrac{b^2}{b+c}-\dfrac{c^2}{c+a}\)
Lại có:\(\dfrac{a^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+a}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le a+b+c-\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
a) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)( hằng đẳng thức mở rộng )
Ta có: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
đpcm
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2+2ac+a^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)( BĐT luôn đúng )
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
đpcm
Tham khảo nhé~
a,\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\left(a+b\right)^2+2\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\)
\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
b,Ta có :\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
Thêm bớt abc vào M ta có
M = ab(a + b + c) – bc(b + c) – abc + ca(c + a) + abc
= ab(a + b + c) – bc(a + b + c) + ac(a + b + c)
=(a + b + c)(ab – bc + ac)
Đáp án cần chọn là: D