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2.
Ta có hằng đẳng thức : \(\left(a-b\right)^2=a^2-2ab+b^2\left(1\right)\)
Lại có \(\left(a+b\right)^2=a^2+2ab+b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2-4ab=a^2+2ab-4ab+b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2-4ab=a^2-2ab+b^2\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2=\left(a+b\right)^2-4ab\)( đpcm )
3.
Ta có hằng đẳng thức \(\left(x+y\right)^2=x^2+2xy+y^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2=\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy\)
Thay \(x+y=7\)và \(xy=-3\)vào ta được :
\(x^2+y^2=7^2-2\left(-3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2=49+6=55\)
Vậy ...
1.
a) Đặt \(A=x^2-6x+10\)
\(A=\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+1\)
\(A=\left(x-3\right)^2+1\)
Mà \(\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge1>0\)
Vậy ...
b) Đặt \(B=x^2-4x+7\)
\(B=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+3\)
\(B=\left(x-2\right)^2+3\)
Mà \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow B\ge3\)
Vậy ...
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a/ \(x^2-6x+10=x^2-2.x.3+3^2+1=\left(x-3\right)^2+1\)
Với mọi x ta có :
\(\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+1>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6x+10>0\)
b/ \(x^2-4x+7=x^2-2.x.2+2^2+3=\left(x-2\right)^2+3\)
Với mọi x ta có :
\(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+3\ge3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+7\ge3\left(đpcm\right)\)
c/ \(x^2+x+1=x^2+2.x.\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Với mọi x ta có :
\(\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x+1>0\left(đpcm\right)\)
d/ \(x^2+y^2+4x-6y+15=\left(x^2+4x+2^2\right)+\left(y^2-6y+3^2\right)+2=\left(x+2\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\)
Với mọi x,y ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+2\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y-3\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+4x-6y+15>0\left(đpcm\right)\)
2/ Ta có :
\(\left(a+b\right)^2-4ab=a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab=a^2-2ab+b^2=\left(a-b\right)^2\)
Vậy \(\left(a-b\right)^2=\left(a+b\right)^2-4ab\left(đpcm\right)\)
3/ \(x^2+y^2=x^2+y^2+2xy-2xy=\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy\)
Mà \(x+y=7;xy=-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2=7^2-2.\left(-3\right)=49+6=55\)
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\(x^2+y^2=1\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy=1\)
Áp dụng bđt AM-GM ta có
\(\left(x+y\right)^2-\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\le1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\le2\Rightarrow0< x+y\le\sqrt{2}\)
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Theo bđt cauchy schwarz dạng engel
\(x^2+y^2=\frac{x^2}{1}+\frac{y^2}{1}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{1+1}=\frac{1}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu = xảy ra \(< =>x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Theo Bunhiacopski ta có:
\(\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra tại x=y=1/2
Trình bày khác xíu :))
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$[(x+\frac{1}{x})^2+(y+\frac{1}{y})^2](1+1)\geq (x+\frac{1}{x}+y+\frac{1}{y})^2$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+\frac{1}{x})^2+(y+\frac{1}{y})^2\geq \frac{1}{2}(x+y+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y})^2=\frac{1}{2}(1+\frac{1}{xy})^2$
Mà:
$xy\leq \frac{(x+y)^2}{4}=\frac{1}{4}$ theo BĐT Cô-si
$\Rightarrow (x+\frac{1}{x})^2+(y+\frac{1}{y})^2\geq \frac{1}{2}(1+\frac{1}{\frac{1}{4}})^2=\frac{25}{2}$ (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=\frac{1}{2}$