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mấy anh chị cm cho e thêm cái : \(\dfrac{ay+bx}{c}=\dfrac{bz+cy}{a}=\dfrac{cx+az}{b}\)
Bài 1:
1) \(a\left(b-c\right)+b\left(c-a\right)+c\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=ab-ac+bc-ba+ca-cb\)
\(=0\)
2) \(a\left(bz-cy\right)+b\left(cx-az\right)+c\left(ay-bx\right)\)
\(=abz-acy+bcx-baz+cay-cbx\)
\(=0\)
Bài 2:
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{x^2+ax+ab+bx}{3bx-a^2-ax+3ab}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^2+bx\right)+\left(ax+ab\right)}{\left(3bx-ax\right)+\left(3ab-a^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\left(x+b\right)+a\left(x+b\right)}{x\left(3b-a\right)+a\left(3b-a\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+a\right)\left(x+b\right)}{\left(x+a\right)\left(3b-a\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+b}{3b-a}\)
\(1.\) Giả sử : \(a\ge b\ge c\Rightarrow a+b\ge a+c\ge b+c\)
Ta có : \(\dfrac{c}{a+b}\le\dfrac{c}{b+c};\dfrac{b}{a+c}\le\dfrac{b}{b+c};\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{a}{b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{a}{b+c}\le\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a}{b+c}=1+\dfrac{a}{b+c}< 1+1=2\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(2.\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{yz+xz+xy}{xyz}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y+x^2z+xy^2+y^2z+xyz+xyz+yz^2+xz^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy\left(x+y+z\right)+yz\left(x+y+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)y\left(x+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+z\right)\left(xy+y^2+yz+xz\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\y=-z\\x=-z\end{matrix}\right.\)
+) Với : \(x=-y\) , ta có :
Đpcm \(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{1}{y^{2011}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2011}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2011}}=\dfrac{1}{-y^{2011}+y^{2011}+z^{2011}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{z^{2011}}=\dfrac{1}{z^{2011}}\left(luôn-đúng\right)\)
Tương tự với 2 TH còn lại .
\(\RightarrowĐCPM\)
Tham khảo tại :
Chứng minh rằng: nếu x/a = y/b = z/c thì (x^2 + y^2 + z^2) = (ax + by + ...
* Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{axy}{xyz}+\dfrac{bxz}{xyz}+\dfrac{cxy}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)
* Ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\dfrac{xy}{ab}+2\dfrac{xz}{ac}+2\dfrac{yz}{bc}=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{xz}{ac}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}\right)=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{b^2}+2\left(\dfrac{cxy}{abc}+\dfrac{bxz}{abc}+\dfrac{ayz}{abc}\right)=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{cxy+bxz+ayz}{abc}\right)=1\)Mà \(cxy+bxz+ayz=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\dfrac{cxy+bxz+ayz}{abc}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)
Vậy.........................
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\)
=>\(\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)
=> \(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}+\dfrac{xz}{ac}\right)=1\)
=>\(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{cxy}{abc}+\dfrac{ayz}{abc}+\dfrac{bxz}{abc}\right)=1\) (1)
Lại có:
\(\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}=0\)
=> \(\dfrac{a}{x}.\dfrac{yz}{yz}+\dfrac{b}{y}.\dfrac{xz}{xz}+\dfrac{c}{z}.\dfrac{xy}{xy}=0\)
=>\(\dfrac{ayz}{xuy}+\dfrac{bxz}{xyz}+\dfrac{cxy}{xyz}=0\) (2)
Thay (2) vào (1) ta được
\(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+0=1\)
=> \(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)
Bài 3:
a) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{2}{x^2+y^2}=2\left(\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\right)\) \(\geq 2.\frac{(1+1)^2}{2xy+x^2+y^2}=\frac{8}{(x+y)^2}=8\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
b) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}=\frac{1}{2xy}+\left (\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\right)\geq \frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{(1+1)^2}{2xy+x^2+y^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{4}{(x+y)^2}\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM:
\(xy\leq \frac{(x+y)^2}{4}=\frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow \frac{1}{2xy}\geq 2\)
Do đó \(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\geq 2+4=6\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Bài 1: Thiếu đề.
Bài 2: Sai đề, thử với \(x=\frac{1}{6}\)
Bài 4 a) Sai đề với \(x<0\)
b) Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(x^4-x+\frac{1}{2}=\left (x^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)-x+\frac{1}{4}\geq x^2-x+\frac{1}{4}=(x-\frac{1}{2})^2\geq 0\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} x^4=\frac{1}{4}\\ x=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) (vô lý)
Do đó dấu bằng không xảy ra , nên \(x^4-x+\frac{1}{2}>0\)
Bài 6: Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho $6$ số:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ab+cd\geq 6\sqrt[6]{a^3b^3c^3d^3}=6\)
Do đó ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d=1\)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{bz-cy}{a}=\dfrac{cx-az}{b}=\dfrac{ay-bx}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a\left(bz-cy\right)}{a^2}=\dfrac{b\left(cx-az\right)}{b^2}=\dfrac{c\left(ay-bx\right)}{c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{abz-acy}{a^2}=\dfrac{bcx-abz}{b^2}=\dfrac{acy-bcx}{c^2}\)
Theo t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\dfrac{abz-acy}{a^2}=\dfrac{bcx-abz}{b^2}=\dfrac{acy-bcx}{c^2}=\dfrac{abc-acy-bcx-abz-acy-bcx}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{bz-cy}{a}=0\\\dfrac{cx-az}{b}=0\\\dfrac{ay-bx}{c}=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}bz=cy\\cx=az\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\\\dfrac{c}{z}=\dfrac{a}{x}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\left(đpcm\right)\)
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