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Chú ý đến giả thiết a + b + c = 1 ta viết được \(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(1-c\right)^3\left(1+c\right)}}=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(1-c\right)\left(1+c\right)}}=\)\(\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{1-c^2}}=\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-c^2}}\)\(=\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{a^2+b^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}}\)
Mặt khác áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta được \(a^2+b^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge2ab+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=\)\(2\left(ab+bc\right)+2\left(ab+ca\right)\)và \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)
Từ đó dẫn đến \(\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{a^2+b^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}}\le\frac{ab}{2\sqrt{ab}\sqrt{2\left(ab+bc\right)+2\left(ab+ca\right)}}\)\(=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{ab}{2\left(ab+bc\right)+2\left(ab+ca\right)}}\)
Mà theo bất đẳng thức quen thuộc \(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\) ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{2\left(ab+bc\right)+2\left(ab+ca\right)}}\le\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab}{2\left(ab+bc\right)}+\frac{ab}{2\left(ab+ca\right)}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{ab}{ab+bc}+\frac{ab}{ab+ca}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}\)
Từ đó ta có bất đẳng thức: \(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(1-c\right)^3\left(1+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}\)(1)
Hoàn toàn tương tự, ta có: \(\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)^3\left(1+a\right)}}\le\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}}\)(2) ; \(\frac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(1-b\right)^3\left(1+b\right)}}\le\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}}\)(3)
Cộng theo vế 3 bất đẳng thức (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(1-c\right)^3\left(1+c\right)}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)^3\left(1+c\right)}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(1-b\right)^3\left(1+b\right)}}\)\(\le\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\left(\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}}\right)\)
Ta cần chứng minh\(\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\left(\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}}\right)\le\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{8}\)
Hay \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}}\le3\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki ta được \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}}\)
\(\le\sqrt{3\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}\right)}=3\)
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Sửa đề: \(\frac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(1-b\right)^3\left(1+b\right)}}\)
Câu hỏi của Trần Lê Nguyên Mạnh - Toán lớp 9 - Học trực tuyến OLM
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky ta được: \(\left(ab+bc+ca+1\right)\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+1\right)\ge\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\)\(\left(ab+bc+ca+1\right)\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+1\right)\ge\left(b+c+a+1\right)^2\)
Cộng theo vế hai bất đẳng thức này ta được \(\left(ab+bc+ca+1\right)\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}\ge2\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\)hay \(\frac{ab+bc+ca+1}{\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2}\ge\frac{2abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
Đến đây, ta quy bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh về dạng:\(\frac{2abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{3}{8}\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}}\ge1\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta được \(\frac{2abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{8}\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}}\)\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{2abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}.\frac{1}{8}\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}}}\)\(=\sqrt{\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2b^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}}}=\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\)(*)
Cũng theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta được \(\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}+\frac{1}{4}\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=1\)(**)
Từ (*) và (**) suy ra được \(\frac{2abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{3}{8}\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}}\ge1\)
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra a = b = c = 1
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Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho các số không âm \(a-1,b-1\)(\(\left(a.b\ge1\right)\):
\(\left(a-1\right)+1\ge2\sqrt{a-1}\Rightarrow\sqrt{a-1}\le\frac{a}{2}\)\(\Leftrightarrow b\sqrt{a-1}\le\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(a\sqrt{b-1}\le\frac{ab}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a\sqrt{b-1}+b\sqrt{a-1}\le ab\)
\(''=''\Leftrightarrow a=b=2\)
Với x là số dương, áp dụng bđt cauchy ta có:
\(\sqrt{x^3+1}=\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}\le\frac{x+1+x^2-x+1}{2}=\frac{x^2+2}{2}\)
=> \(\sqrt{\frac{1}{x^3+1}}\ge\frac{2}{x^2+2}\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt (1) ta được:
\(\sqrt{\frac{a^3}{a^3+\left(b+c\right)^3}}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{1+\left(\frac{b+c}{a}\right)^3}}\ge\frac{2}{\left(\frac{b+c}{a}\right)^2+2}=\frac{2a^2}{\left(b+c\right)^2+2a^2}\)
Suy ra \(\sqrt{\frac{a^3}{a^3+\left(b+c\right)^3}}\ge\frac{2a^2}{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)+2a^2}=\frac{a^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\left(2\right)\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{b^3}{b^3+\left(c+a\right)^3}}\ge\frac{b^3}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\left(3\right);\sqrt{\frac{c^3}{c^3+\left(a+b\right)^3}}\ge\frac{c^3}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\left(4\right)\)
Cộng (2),(3),(4) vế theo vế:
\(VT\ge\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c
\(\sqrt{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\ge1+\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\ge\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+a+b+1\ge ab+2\sqrt{ab}+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b-2\sqrt{ab}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b>0\)