Cho 5,4g Almuminium tác dụng với 200ml dung dịch hychochloric acid
a. Viết phương trình hoá học
b. Tính thể tích sinh ra ở phương trình chất tan trên
c. Tính nồng độ mol của dung dịch acid đã dùng
Aluminium =27 ; chloricde =35,5;
Hydroyen= 1
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\(n_{H_2\left(đkc\right)}=\dfrac{2,479}{24,79}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,1=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=27.\dfrac{1}{15}=1,8\left(g\right)\\ m_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{15}.133,5=8,9\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,479}{24,79}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
\(\dfrac{1}{15}\)<--------------\(\dfrac{1}{15}\)<-----0,1
=> \(m_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{15}.27=1,8\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{15}.133,5=8,9\left(g\right)\)
a. \(m_{Al.pứ}=15-9,6=5,4\left(g\right)\)
b. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4.100\%}{15}=36\%\\\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{9,6.100\%}{15}=64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c. \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đkc\right)}=0,3.24,79=7,437\left(l\right)\)
d. \(\%m_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5.100\%}{15+200-9,6}=13\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,1<---------------0,1<-----0,15
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a,m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\b,m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a.
Chất tham gia : alunium , hydrochloric acid
Chất sản phẩm : aluminium chloride , khí hydrogen
b.
alunium + hydrochloric acid → aluminium chloride + khí hydrogen
c.
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
d.
\(m_{H_2}=m_{Al}+m_{HCl}-m_{AlCl_2}=10.5+20-15.5=15\left(g\right)\)
\(a/2Al+3H_2SO_4\xrightarrow[]{}Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(b/30ml=0,03l\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5.0,03=0,0015\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{0,0015.2}{3}=0,001\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al}=0,001.27=0,027\left(g\right)\\ n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,0015}{2}=0,00075\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,00075.342=0,2565\left(g\right)\)
\(c/n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,0015.3}{3}=0,0015\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2}=0,0015.24,79=0,037185\left(l\right)\)
\(a.2Al+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ b.n_{Al}=1,5.0,5.0,03=0,0375mol\\ m_{Al}=0,0375.27=1,0125g\\ m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot0,03\cdot0,5=1,71g\\V_{H_2}=24,79.0,5.0,03=0,37185L\)
a) \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
b) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{6,75}{27}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2}=0,375\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,375.22,4=8,4\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{HCl}=0,75\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{HCl}=0,75.36,5=27,375\left(g\right)\)
d) \(n_{AlCl_3}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{AlCl_3}=0,25.133,5=33,375\left(g\right)\)
\(a.pthh:2Al+6HCl--->2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
b. Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{6,75}{56}=\dfrac{27}{224}\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{27}{224}=\dfrac{81}{448}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=\dfrac{81}{448}.22,4=4,05\left(lít\right)\)
c. Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=3.\dfrac{27}{224}=\dfrac{81}{224}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=\dfrac{81}{224}.36,5\approx13,2\left(g\right)\)
d. Theo PT: \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=\dfrac{27}{224}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{27}{224}.133,5\approx16,09\left(g\right)\)
a) \(4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
tỉ lệ: \(4:3:2\)
b) \(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\uparrow\)
tỉ lệ: \(2:1:3\)
a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
b, \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ VH2 = 0,3.24,79 = 7,437 (l)
c, \(n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3\left(M\right)\)