Chứng minh rằng A chia hết cho 2023
Cho A= 1+2022+2022^2+2022^3+2022^4+2022^5+2022^6+2022^7
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Lời giải:
\(A=2.2022^{2023}+2(1^{2023}+2^{2023}+3^{2023}+...+1010^{2023}+1011^{2023}+1012^{2023}+...+2021^{2023})\)
\(=2.2022^{2023}+2[(1^{2023}+2021^{2023})+(2^{2023}+2019^{2023})+...+(1010^{2023}+1012^{2023})+1011^{2023}]\)
\(=2.2022^{2023}+2.1011^{2023}+2[(1^{2023}+2021^{2023})+(2^{2023}+2019^{2023})+...+(1010^{2023}+1012^{2023})]\)
Dễ thấy: $2.2022^{2023}\vdots 2022; 2.1011^{2023}=2022.1011^{2023}\vdots 2022$
Đối với biểu thức trong ngoặc vuông thì: Nhớ rằng với mọi $n$ lẻ thì $a^n+b^n\vdots a+b$ nên $1^{2023}+2021^{2023}\vdots 2022; 2^{2023}+2019^{2023}\vdots 2022;...; 1010^{2023}+1012^{2023}\vdots 2022$
$\Rightarrow 2[(1^{2023}+2021^{2023})+(2^{2023}+2019^{2023})+....+(1010^{2023}+1012^{2023})]\vdots 2022$
Do đó $A\vdots 2022$
Tham khảo
\(\text{+)}\)Ta có:\(5\equiv-1\left(mod3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow5^{2022}\equiv\left(-1\right)^{2022}\left(mod3\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(\text{+)}\)Ta có:\(2\equiv-1\left(mod3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2^{2023}\equiv\left(-1\right)^{2023}\left(mod3\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\Rightarrow5^{2022}+5^{2023}\equiv0\left(mod3\right)\)
Vậy...
\(A=3^{2022}-2^{2022}+3^{2020}-2^{2020}\\=(3^{2022}+3^{2020})-(2^{2022}+2^{2020})\\=3^{2020}\cdot(3^2+1)-2^{2020}\cdot(2^2+1)\\=3^{2020}\cdot10-2^{2019}\cdot2\cdot5\\=3^{2020}\cdot10-2^{2019}\cdot10\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3^{2020}\cdot10⋮10\\2^{2019}\cdot10⋮10\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow3^{2020}\cdot10-2^{2019}\cdot10⋮10\)
hay \(A⋮10\) (đpcm)
\(\text{#}Toru\)
\(B=2021\cdot1\cdot2\cdot3\cdot...\cdot2022\cdot\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2022}\right)⋮2021\)
So sánh
A = \(\dfrac{2022^{2023}+1}{2022^{2024}+1}\) và B = \(\dfrac{2022^{2022}+1}{2022^{2023}+1}\)
Trước hết ta phải chứng minh \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+1}{b+1}\) (a, b ϵ N; a < b).
Thật vậy, \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{a+ab}{b^2+b}\) và \(\dfrac{a+1}{b+1}=\dfrac{\left(a+1\right)b}{\left(b+1\right)b}=\dfrac{ab+b}{b^2+b}\).
Mà theo giả thuyết là a < b nên \(\dfrac{a+ab}{b^2+b}< \dfrac{ab+b}{b^2+b}\), suy ra \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+1}{b+1}\) (a, b ϵ N; a < b).
Từ đây ta có:
\(B=\dfrac{2022^{2022}+1}{2022^{2023}+1}=\dfrac{2022^{2023}+2022}{2022^{2024}+2022}=\dfrac{2022^{2023}+2021+1}{2022^{2024}+2021+1}\)
Đặt \(A_1=\dfrac{2022^{2023}+2}{2022^{2024}+2}=\dfrac{2022^{2023}+1+1}{2022^{2024}+1+1}\), rõ ràng \(A_1>A\).
Đặt \(A_2=\dfrac{2022^{2023}+3}{2022^{2024}+3}=\dfrac{2022^{2023}+2+1}{2022^{2024}+2+1}\), rõ ràng \(A_2>A_1\).
...
Đặt \(A_{2020}=\dfrac{2022^{2023}+2021}{2022^{2024}+2021}=\dfrac{2022^{2023}+2020+1}{2022^{2024}+2020+1}\), rõ ràng \(A_{2020}>A_{2019}\) và \(B>A_{2020}\).
Suy ra \(B>A_{2020}>A_{2019}>...>A_2>A_1>A\). Vậy A < B.
Ta có A = \(\dfrac{2022^{2023}}{2022^{2024}}=\dfrac{1}{2022}\) ; B = \(\dfrac{2022^{2022}}{2022^{2023}}=\dfrac{1}{2022}\)
Mà \(\dfrac{1}{2022}=\dfrac{1}{2022}\)
Vậy A = B
A = 1 + 2022 + 20222 + 20223 + 20224 + 20225 + 20226 + 20227
A =(1 + 2022) +(20222 + 20223) + (20224 + 20225) + (20226 + 20227)
A =2023 + 20222( 1 + 2022 ) + 20224.( 1 + 2022 ) + 20226( 1 + 2022 )
A = 2023 + 20222 . 2023 + 20224 . 2023 + 20226 . 2023
A = 2023 . ( 1 + 20222 + 20224 + 20226 )
Vậy A ⋮ 2023
A = 1 + 2022 + 20222 + 20223 + 20224 + 20225 + 20226 + 20227
A =(1 + 2022) +(20222 + 20223) + (20224 + 20225) + (20226 + 20227)
A =2023 + 20222( 1 + 2022 ) + 20224.( 1 + 2022 ) + 20226( 1 + 2022 )
A = 2023 + 20222 . 2023 + 20224 . 2023 + 20226 . 2023
A = 2023 . ( 1 + 20222 + 20224 + 20226 )
Vậy A ⋮ 2023