tìm GTNN của các phân số sau:a) 1/n+3; b) 8-x/x-3. giúp mình với, nhiwis giải cụ thể ra luôn nhé
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a) Ta thấy: \(\left|\dfrac{2}{5}-x\right|\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow Q=\dfrac{9}{2}+\left|\dfrac{2}{5}-x\right|\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\forall x\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi: \(\left|\dfrac{2}{5}-x\right|=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{5}-x=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
Vậy \(Min_Q=\dfrac{9}{2}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{2}{5}\).
\(---\)
b) Ta thấy: \(\left|x+\dfrac{2}{3}\right|\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\left|x+\dfrac{2}{3}\right|-\dfrac{3}{5}\ge-\dfrac{3}{5}\forall x\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi: \(\left|x+\dfrac{2}{3}\right|=0\Leftrightarrow x+\dfrac{2}{3}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Vậy \(Min_M=-\dfrac{3}{5}\) khi \(x=-\dfrac{2}{3}\).
\(---\)
c) Ta thấy: \(\left|\dfrac{7}{4}-x\right|\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left|\dfrac{7}{4}-x\right|\le0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow N=-\left|\dfrac{7}{4}-x\right|-8\le-8\forall x\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi: \(\left|\dfrac{7}{4}-x\right|=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{7}{4}-x=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{7}{4}\)
Vậy \(Max_N=-8\) khi \(x=\dfrac{7}{4}\).
a) Ta có: \(\left|\dfrac{2}{5}-x\right|\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow Q=\dfrac{9}{2}+\left|\dfrac{2}{5}-x\right|\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(\dfrac{2}{5}-x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
Vậy: ...
b) Ta có: \(\left|x+\dfrac{2}{3}\right|\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\left|x+\dfrac{2}{3}\right|-\dfrac{3}{5}\ge-\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(x+\dfrac{2}{3}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Vậy: ...
c) Ta có: \(-\left|\dfrac{7}{4}-x\right|\le0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow N=-\left|\dfrac{7}{4}-x\right|-8\le-8\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(\dfrac{7}{4}-x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{7}{4}\)
Vậy: ...
Với \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{6}\Leftrightarrow A=5x^2-6x+1-1=5x^2-6x\)
\(A=5\left(x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{5}x+\dfrac{9}{25}\right)-\dfrac{9}{5}=5\left(x-\dfrac{3}{5}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{5}\ge-\dfrac{9}{5}\\ A_{min}=-\dfrac{9}{5}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{5}\left(1\right)\)
Với \(x< \dfrac{1}{6}\Leftrightarrow A=5x^2+6x-1-1=5x^2+6x-2\)
\(A=5\left(x^2+2\cdot\dfrac{3}{5}x+\dfrac{9}{25}\right)-\dfrac{19}{5}=5\left(x+\dfrac{3}{5}\right)^2-\dfrac{19}{5}\ge-\dfrac{19}{5}\\ A_{min}=-\dfrac{19}{5}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{3}{5}\left(2\right)\\ \left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow A_{min}=-\dfrac{19}{5}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Với \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow B=9x^2-6x-4\left(3x-1\right)+6=9x^2-18x+10\)
\(B=9\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+1=9\left(x-1\right)^2+1\ge1\\ B_{min}=1\Leftrightarrow x=1\left(1\right)\)
Với \(x< \dfrac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow B=9x^2-6x+4\left(3x-1\right)+6=9x^2+6x+2\)
\(B=\left(9x^2+6x+1\right)+1=\left(3x+1\right)^2+1\ge1\\ B_{min}=1\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow B_{min}=1\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a,M=x^2-4x+5=\left(x-2\right)^2+5\\ \Rightarrow M\ge5\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
\(b,N=y^2-y-3=\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{13}{4}\\ \Rightarrow N\ge-\dfrac{13}{4} \)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(P=x^2+y^2-4x+y+7=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{4}\\ \Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{11}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: M=x^2-4x+4+1
=(x-2)^2+1>=1
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=2
b: N=y^2-y+1/4-13/4
=(y-1/2)^2-13/4>=-13/4
Dấu = xảy ra khi y=1/2
c: P=x^2-4x+4+y^2+y+1/4+11/4
=(x-2)^2+(y+1/2)^2+11/4>=11/4
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=2 và y=-1/2
\(A=\dfrac{4x+3}{x^2+1}\Leftrightarrow Ax^2+A=4x+3\\ \Leftrightarrow Ax^2-4x+A-3=0\)
Coi đây là PT bậc 2 ẩn x thì PT có nghiệm
\(\Leftrightarrow\Delta=16-4A\left(A-3\right)\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow16-4A^2+12A\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow-A^2+3A+4\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow-1\le A\le4\)
Vậy \(A_{max}=4;A_{min}=-1\)
\(A_{max}=4\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4x+3}{x^2+1}=4\Leftrightarrow4x^2-4x+1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ A_{min}=-1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4x+3}{x^2+1}=-1\Leftrightarrow x^2+1=-4x-3\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x+4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)
a) \(2x^2-x+1=2\left(x-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{7}{8}\ge\dfrac{7}{8}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
b) \(5x-x^2+4=-\left(x-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{41}{4}\le\dfrac{41}{4}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
c) \(x^2+5y^2-2xy+4y+3=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(2y+1\right)^2+2\ge2\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
b: ta có: \(-x^2+5x+4\)
\(=-\left(x^2-5x-4\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{5}{2}+\dfrac{25}{4}-\dfrac{41}{4}\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{41}{4}\le\dfrac{41}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
\(a,\dfrac{x^2+x+2}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}}=\dfrac{x^2+x+1+1}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}}=\sqrt{x^2+x+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}}\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT cosi: \(\left(1\right)\ge2\sqrt{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}\cdot\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}}}=2\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x^2+x+1=1\Leftrightarrow x^2+x=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: Ta có: \(A=x^2+3x+4\)
\(=x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}+\dfrac{7}{4}\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{7}{4}\ge\dfrac{7}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
B=\(4x^2-4x+1+x^2+4x+4=5x^2+5\)
\(=5\left(x^2+1\right)\)
vì\(x^2+1\ge1\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B\ge5\forall x\)
dấu'=' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x^2+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=0\)
vậy B đạt GTNN =5 khi x=0
Bài 2:
a) Ta có: \(A=x^2-3x+5\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}+\dfrac{11}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{4}\)
Ta có: \(\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{4}\ge\dfrac{11}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\)
hay \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Vậy: Giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức \(A=x^2-3x+5\) là \(\dfrac{11}{4}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
a: Để \(\dfrac{1}{n+3}\) min thì n+3=-1
=>n=-4
=>\(\dfrac{1}{n+3}_{min}=\dfrac{1}{-4+3}=-1\)
b: \(\dfrac{8-x}{x-3}=\dfrac{-x+3+5}{x-3}=-1+\dfrac{5}{x-3}\)
Để \(\dfrac{8-x}{x-3}_{min}\) thì x-3=-1
=>x=2
=>GTNN là \(\dfrac{8-2}{2-3}=\dfrac{6}{-1}=-6\)