Cho a,b > 0.CMR:
\(ab+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge a+b+1\)
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Áp dụng bđt Cauchy:
\(ab+\frac{a}{b}\ge2a\)
\(ab+\frac{b}{a}\ge2b\)
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\)
Cộng theo vế: \(2\left(ab+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+1\right)\Leftrightarrow ab+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge a+b+1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=1\)
1)Áp dụng bđt AM-GM:
\(2\left(ab+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)=\left(ab+\frac{a}{b}\right)+\left(ab+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge a+b+1."="\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
2) Áp dụng bđt AM-GM ta có: \(a+\frac{1}{a-1}=a-1+1+\frac{1}{a-1}\ge2\sqrt{\left(a-1\right).\frac{1}{a-1}}+1=3\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=2\)
3) Áp dụng bđt AM-GM:
\(2\left(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}+\frac{ab}{c}\right)=\left(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{ac}{b}+\frac{ab}{c}\right)+\left(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Cộng theo vế và rg => ddpcm. Dấu bằng khi a=b=c
1.
\(P=\frac{a^4}{abc}+\frac{b^4}{abc}+\frac{c^4}{abc}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3abc}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(P\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right).3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}}{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a+b+c}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c\)
2.
\(P=\sum\frac{a^2}{ab+2ac+3ad}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4.\frac{3}{8}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}=\frac{2}{3}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=d\)
Xin lỗi lúc này do thày nhìn nhầm nên nghĩ câu 2 sai đề. Để đền bù thiệt hại, xin giải lại cả hai bài cho em
Cả hai bài toán này đều sử dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwartz. Em xem link dưới đây để biết rõ hơn: http://olm.vn/hoi-dap/question/174274.html
Câu 1. Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwartz ta có
\(\frac{a}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{b}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{c}{2c^2+ab}=\frac{1}{2a+\frac{bc}{a}}+\frac{1}{2b+\frac{ca}{b}}+\frac{1}{2c+\frac{ab}{c}}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}\right)}=\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2}{abc}}=\frac{9abc}{2abc\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{9abc}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=\frac{9abc}{9}=abc.\)
Vậy ta có điều phải chứng minh.
Câu 2. Tiếp tục sử dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwartz
\(\frac{8}{2a+b}=\frac{4}{a+\frac{b}{2}}\le\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{\frac{b}{2}}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}.\)
Tương tự, \(\frac{48}{3b+2c}=\frac{16}{b+\frac{2c}{3}}\le4\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{\frac{2c}{3}}\right)=\frac{4}{b}+\frac{6}{c},\) và \(\frac{12}{c+3a}=\frac{4}{\frac{c}{3}+a}\le\frac{1}{\frac{c}{3}}+\frac{1}{a}=\frac{3}{c}+\frac{1}{a}.\)
Cộng ba bất đẳng thức lại ta được
\(\frac{8}{2a+b}+\frac{48}{3b+2c}+\frac{12}{c+3a}\le\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{4}{b}+\frac{6}{c}\right)+\left(\frac{3}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)=\frac{2}{a}+\frac{6}{b}+\frac{9}{c}.\) (ĐPCM).
a/ Biến đổi tương đương:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy BĐT được chứng minh
b/ \(VT=\frac{a-d}{b+d}+1+\frac{d-b}{b+c}+1+\frac{b-c}{a+c}+1+\frac{c-a}{a+d}+1-4\)
\(VT=\frac{a+b}{b+d}+\frac{c+d}{b+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+c}+\frac{c+d}{a+d}-4\)
\(VT=\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+d}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)+\left(c+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+d}\right)-4\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\left(a+b\right).\frac{4}{b+d+a+c}+\left(c+d\right).\frac{4}{b+c+a+d}-4\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)}\left(a+b+c+d\right)-4=4-4=0\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d\)
a/Xét hiệu ta có: \(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{b}-a^2-ab=\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{b}\right)-a\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{a^2}{b}-2a+b\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{b}}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\RightarrowĐPCM\)
b/Tương tự ở câu a, ta cũng có:
\(\frac{a^3}{b}\ge a^2+ab-b^2\left(1\right),\frac{b^3}{c}\ge b^2+bc-c^2\left(2\right),\frac{c^3}{a}\ge c^2+ca-a^2\left(3\right)\)
Cộng (1),(2) và (3) \(VT\ge a^2+ab-b^2+b^2+bc-c^2+C^2+bc-a^2=ab+bc+ca\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
Lời giải:
Ta thấy:
\(\text{VT}=(a+\frac{ca}{a+b})+(b+\frac{ab}{b+c})+(c+\frac{bc}{c+a})\)
\(=\frac{a(a+b+c)}{a+b}+\frac{b(a+b+c)}{b+c}+\frac{c(a+b+c)}{c+a}\)
\(=(a+b+c)\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\geq (a+b+c).\frac{(a+b+c)^2}{a^2+ab+b^2+bc+c^2+ac}=\frac{(a+b+c)^3}{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac}\) (theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz)
Có:
$(a+b+c)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2(ab+bc+ac)=a^2+b^2+c^2+2$
$\Rightarrow a+b+c=\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+2}=\sqrt{t+2}$ với $t=a^2+b^2+c^2$
Do đó:
$\text{VT}\geq \frac{\sqrt{(t+2)^3}}{t+1}$ \(=\sqrt{\frac{(t+2)^3}{(t+1)^2}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\((t+2)^3=\left(\frac{t+1}{2}+\frac{t+1}{2}+1\right)^3\geq 27.\frac{(t+1)^2}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}=\sqrt{\frac{(t+2)^3}{(t+1)^2}}\geq \sqrt{\frac{27}{4}}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\frac{b}{ab}+\frac{a}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\) \(\left(ĐK:a>0;b>0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (BĐT luôn đúng)
Vậy \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}\ge\frac{2}{1+ab}\Leftrightarrow\frac{2+a^2+b^2}{\left(1+a^2+b^2+a^2b^2\right)}\ge\frac{2}{1+ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+ab\right)\left(2+a^2+b^2\right)\ge2a^2b^2+2a^2+2b^2+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a^2+b^2-2ab\right)-\left(a^2+b^2-2ab\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab-1\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
b/ \(\frac{1}{1+a^4}+\frac{1}{1+b^4}+\frac{2}{1+b^4}\ge\frac{2}{1+a^2b^2}+\frac{2}{1+b^4}\ge\frac{4}{1+ab^3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+a^4}+\frac{3}{1+b^4}\ge\frac{4}{1+ab^3}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự: \(\frac{1}{1+b^4}+\frac{3}{1+c^4}\ge\frac{4}{1+bc^3}\); \(\frac{1}{1+c^4}+\frac{3}{1+a^4}\ge\frac{4}{1+a^3c}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta có đpcm
Ta có: \(ab+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\)
\(=\frac{a^2b^2+a^2+b^2}{ab}\ge\frac{ab\cdot a+ab\cdot b+a\cdot b}{ab}=\frac{ab\left(a+b+1\right)}{ab}=a+b+1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = 1