Cho a, b , c khác nhau thỏa : a2( b + c ) = b2( c + a )
Cm : b2( c + a ) = a2( a + b )
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Câu hỏi của Hattory Heiji - Toán lớp 8 - Học toán với OnlineMath
\(a,\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{c^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}\left(1\right)\)
Mà \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow ab=c^2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c^2}{b^2}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\tođpcm\)
\(b,\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow ab=c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2-a^2}{a^2+c^2}=\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)}{a^2+ab}=\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)}{a\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{b-a}{a}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\)Ta có: \(a+b+c=0 \Rightarrow b+c=-a \Rightarrow (b+c)^2=(-a)^2 \Leftrightarrow b^2+c^2+2bc=a^2 \Leftrightarrow a^2-b^2-c^2=2bc\)
Tương tự: \(b^2-c^2-a^2=2ca;c^2-a^2-b^2=2ab\)
\(P=...=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{2bc}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}=\dfrac{3abc}{2abc}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
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Bổ đề \(a+b+c=0 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\)
Ở đây ta c/m chiều thuận:
Với \(a+b+c=0 \Leftrightarrow a+b=-c \Rightarrow (a+b)^3=(-c)^3 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab(a+b)=-c^3 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc(QED)\)
Ta có: a+b+c=0
nên a+b=-c
Ta có: \(a^2-b^2-c^2\)
\(=a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(=a^2-\left[\left(b+c\right)^2-2bc\right]\)
\(=a^2-\left(b+c\right)^2+2bc\)
\(=\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)+2bc\)
\(=2bc\)
Ta có: \(b^2-c^2-a^2\)
\(=b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)\)
\(=b^2-\left[\left(c+a\right)^2-2ca\right]\)
\(=b^2-\left(c+a\right)^2+2ca\)
\(=\left(b-c-a\right)\left(b+c+a\right)+2ca\)
\(=2ac\)
Ta có: \(c^2-a^2-b^2\)
\(=c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(=c^2-\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab\right]\)
\(=c^2-\left(a+b\right)^2+2ab\)
\(=\left(c-a-b\right)\left(c+a+b\right)+2ab\)
\(=2ab\)
Ta có: \(M=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\)
Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ca-cb+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
Thay \(a^3+b^3+c^3=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\) vào biểu thức \(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\), ta được:
\(M=\dfrac{-3ab\left(a+b\right)}{2abc}=\dfrac{-3\left(a+b\right)}{2c}\)
\(=\dfrac{-3\cdot\left(-c\right)}{2c}=\dfrac{3c}{2c}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Vậy: \(M=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đặt \(P=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}=a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+b^2+ab}\ge a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3}}=a-\dfrac{a+b}{3}=\dfrac{2a-b}{3}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}\ge\dfrac{2b-c}{3}\) ; \(\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\ge\dfrac{2c-a}{3}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}=673\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=673\)
Thay \(a=-\left(b+c\right)\) ; \(a+c=-b\) và \(a+b=-c\) vào điều kiện thứ 2 ta có
\(\left(b+c\right)^2=2\left(-b+1\right)\left(-c-1\right)\)
<=> \(b^2+c^2+2bc=2bc+2b-2c-2\)
<=> \(\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c+1\right)^2=0\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=1\\c=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
suy ra: a=0. Vậy A = a2 + b2 + c2 = 2
\(P=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\dfrac{-b^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left(a-c\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2b-a^2c-ab^2+b^2c+c^2a-bc^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{ab\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a^2-b^2\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(ab-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left[a\left(b-c\right)-c\left(b-c\right)\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=1\)