Tìm GTNN của biểu thức M
M = (x−1)4+(3−x)4+6(x2−4x+3)2+2013
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Tìm GTNN của biểu thức M
M = \(\left(x-1\right)^4+\left(3-x\right)^4+6\left(x^2-4x+3\right)^2+2013\)
1:
a: =x^2-7x+49/4-5/4
=(x-7/2)^2-5/4>=-5/4
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=7/2
b: =x^2+x+1/4-13/4
=(x+1/2)^2-13/4>=-13/4
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=-1/2
e: =x^2-x+1/4+3/4=(x-1/2)^2+3/4>=3/4
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=1/2
f: x^2-4x+7
=x^2-4x+4+3
=(x-2)^2+3>=3
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=2
2:
a: A=2x^2+4x+9
=2x^2+4x+2+7
=2(x^2+2x+1)+7
=2(x+1)^2+7>=7
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=-1
b: x^2+2x+4
=x^2+2x+1+3
=(x+1)^2+3>=3
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=-1
b) Ta có: \(B=x^2+2x+y^2-4y+6\)
\(=x^2+2x+1+y^2-4y+4+1\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(B_{min}=1\) khi (x,y)=(-1;2)
c) Ta có: \(C=4x^2+4x+9y^2-6y-5\)
\(=4x^2+4x+1+9y^2-6y+1-7\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+\left(3y-1\right)^2-7\ge-7\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(C_{min}=-7\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=2x^2+x=2\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{2}x\right)=2\left(x^2+2.\dfrac{1}{4}x+\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{16}\right)\)
\(=2\left[\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{16}\right]\ge-\dfrac{1}{8}\) dấu"=' xảy ra<=>x=\(-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(B=x^2+2x+y^2-4y+6\)
\(=x^2+2x+1+y^2-4y+4+1=\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+1\)
\(\ge1\) dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=-1;y=2
\(C=4x^2+4x+9y^2-6y-5\)
\(=4x^2+4x+1+9y^2-6y+1-7\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+\left(3y-1\right)^2-7\ge-7\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=\(-\dfrac{1}{2},y=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(D=\left(2+x\right)\left(x+4\right)-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)^2\)
=\(x^2+6x+8-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)^2-1-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)^2\left(2-x\right)-1\ge-1\)
dấu"=" xảy ra\(< =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng Bunyakovsky, ta có :
\(\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x.1+y.1\right)^2=1\)
=> \(\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
=> \(Min_C=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Mấy cái kia tương tự
Q = \(\sqrt{x^2+4x+4}+\sqrt{x^2-4x+4}\)=\(\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(2-x\right)^2}\) = l x+2 l + l 2-x l \(\ge\) l x+2+2-x l = l 4 l = 4
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi và chỉ khi
(x+2)(2-x) \(\ge\)0
<=> x+2 \(\ge\)0 và 2-x \(\ge\) 0
hoặc x+2 \(\le\)0 và 2-x \(\le\)0
<=> x \(\ge\)-2 và x\(\le\)2
hoặc x\(\le\)-2 và x\(\ge\)2
<=> -2\(\le\)x\(\le\)2
vậy GTNN của Q = 4 khi -2\(\le\)x\(\le\)2
1.
a) \(A=\left(x-1\right)^3-\left(x+4\right)\left(x^2-4x+16\right)+3x\left(x-1\right)\)
\(A=\left(x^3-3x^2+3x-1\right)-\left(x^3+64\right)+\left(3x^2-3x\right)\)
\(A=x^3-3x^2+3x-1-x^3-64+3x^2-3x\)
\(A=\left(x^3-x^3\right)+\left(-3x^2+3x\right)+\left(3x-3x\right)+\left(-1-64\right)\)
\(A=-65\)
Vậy giá trị của biểu thức trên không phụ thuộc vào biến.
b) \(B=\left(x+y-1\right)^3-\left(x+y+1\right)^3+6\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(B=\left[\left(x+y-1\right)-\left(x+y+1\right)\right].\left[\left(x+y-1\right)^2+\left(x+y-1\right).\left(x+y+1\right)+\left(x+y+1\right)^2\right]+6\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(B=\left(x+y-1-x-y-1\right).\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-2\left(x+y\right).1+1+\left(x+y\right)^2-1+\left(x+y\right)^2+2\left(x+y\right).1+1\right]+6\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(B=-2.\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-2x-2y+1+x^2+2xy+y^2-1+x^2+2xy+y^2+2x+2y+1\right)+6\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(B=-2.\left(3x^2+6xy+3y^2+1\right)+6\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(B=-2.\left(3x^2+6xy+3y^2\right)-2+6\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(B=-6\left(x+y\right)^2+6\left(x+y\right)^2-2\)
\(B=-6\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)^2\right]-2\)
\(B=-2\)
Vậy giá trị của biểu thức trên không phụ thuộc vào biến.
2. \(A=x^2+6x+11\)
\(A=x^2+2x.3+3^2+2\)
\(A=\left(x+3\right)^2+2\)
Ta có: \(\left(x+3\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+3\right)^2+2\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow Min_A=2\Leftrightarrow x=-3\)
\(B=4-x^2-x\)
\(B=-x^2-x+4\)
\(B=-x^2-x-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{17}{4}\)
\(B=-\left(x^2+2x.\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{17}{4}\)
\(B=-\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{17}{4}\)
Ta có: \(-\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{17}{4}\le\dfrac{17}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow Max_B=\dfrac{17}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
`a)M=(x^4+2)/(x^6+1)+(x^2-1)/(x^4-x^2+1)-(x^2+3)/(x^4+4x^2+3)`
`=(x^4+2)/(x^6+1)+(x^2-1)/(x^4-x^2+1)-(x^2+3)/((x^2+1)(x^2+3))`
`=(x^4+2)/(x^6+1)+((x^2-1)(x^2+1))/(x^6+1)-1/(x^2+1)`
`=(x^4+2+x^4-1-x^4+x^2-1)/(x^2+1)`
`=(x^4+x^2)/(x^2+1)`
`=(x^2(x^2+1))/(x^2+1)`
`=x^2`
`b)` tìm gtnn chứ?
`M=x^2>=0`
Dấu '=" `<=>x=0`
\(M=\left(x-1\right)4+\left(3-x\right)4+6\left(x^2-4x+3\right)2+2013\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\left(x-1+3-x\right)4+12\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-12+2013\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=12\left(x-2\right)^2+2019\)
Mà \(12\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\in R\)
\(\Rightarrow GTNN=2019\)
\(M=\left(x-1\right)^4+\left(3-x\right)^4+6\left(x^2-4x+3\right)^2+2013\)
Đặt \(x-2=a\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\left(a+1\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2+6\left(a^2-1\right)^2+2013\)
\(=8a^4+2021\ge2021\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi:
\(a=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\)