Question

[Lê Minh Đức]

Cho a,b,c > 0. Tìm GTNN của \(P=(\frac{a}{a+b})^4+(\frac{b}{b+c})^4+(\frac{c}{c+a})^4\)

Answer 1

[l҉o҉n҉g҉ d҉z҉]

Áp dụng bđt Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức ta có :

\(P=\left(\frac{a}{a+b}\right)^4+\left(\frac{b}{b+c}\right)^4+\left(\frac{c}{c+a}\right)^4\ge\frac{\left[\left(\frac{a}{a+b}\right)^2+\left(\frac{b}{b+c}\right)^2+\left(\frac{c}{c+a}\right)^2\right]^2}{3}\)(1)

Tiếp tục sử dụng bđt Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức ta có :

\(\left(\frac{a}{a+b}\right)^2+\left(\frac{b}{b+c}\right)^2+\left(\frac{c}{c+a}\right)^2\ge\frac{\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\right)^2}{3}\)(2)

Đặt  \(A=\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\)

Áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta có :

\(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{4a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+b}\cdot\frac{a+b}{4a}}=1\)

=> \(A+\frac{a+b}{4a}+\frac{b+c}{4b}+\frac{c+a}{4c}\ge3\)

=> \(A+\frac{a}{4a}+\frac{b}{4a}+\frac{b}{4b}+\frac{c}{4b}+\frac{c}{4c}+\frac{a}{4c}\ge3\)

=> \(A+\frac{3}{4}+\frac{b}{4a}+\frac{c}{4b}+\frac{a}{4c}\ge3\)

Theo Cauchy ta có : \(\frac{b}{4a}+\frac{c}{4b}+\frac{a}{4c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b}{4a}\cdot\frac{c}{4b}+\frac{a}{4c}}=\frac{3}{4}\)

=> \(A+\frac{3}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\ge3\)=> \(A\ge\frac{3}{2}\)(3)

Từ (1), (2) và (3) => \(P\ge\frac{3}{16}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a = b = c

Vậy MinP = 3/16 <=> a = b = c 

Answer 2

[Nguyễn Minh Đăng]

Ta có:

\(P=\left(\frac{a}{a+b}\right)^4+\left(\frac{b}{b+c}\right)^4+\left(\frac{c}{c+a}\right)^4=\left(\frac{1}{1+\frac{b}{a}}\right)^4+\left(\frac{1}{1+\frac{c}{b}}\right)^4+\left(\frac{1}{1+\frac{a}{c}}\right)^4\)

Đặt \(\left(\frac{b}{a},\frac{c}{b},\frac{a}{c}\right)=\left(x,y,z\right)\left(x,y,z>0\right)\) \(\Rightarrow xyz=1\)

Khi đó: \(P=\frac{1}{\left(1+x\right)^4}+\frac{1}{\left(1+y\right)^4}+\frac{1}{\left(1+z\right)^4}\)

\(\ge3\left[\frac{1}{\left(1+x\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(1+y\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(1+z\right)^2}\right]^2\)

Ta có: \(\left(1+xy\right)\left(1+\frac{x}{y}\right)\ge\left(1+x\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\left(1+x\right)^2\le\frac{\left(1+xy\right)\left(x+y\right)}{y}\)( Bunyakovsky)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(1+x\right)^2}\ge\frac{y}{\left(1+xy\right)\left(x+y\right)}\) ; tương tự: \(\frac{1}{\left(1+y\right)^2}\ge\frac{x}{\left(1+xy\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy: \(\frac{1}{\left(1+z\right)^2}+\frac{1}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{\left(1+z\right)^2}\cdot\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{1}{1+z}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\left(1+z\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{1+z}-\frac{1}{4}\)

Khi đó: \(P\ge\frac{1}{3}\left[\frac{x}{\left(1+xy\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{y}{\left(1+xy\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{1}{1+z}-\frac{1}{4}\right]^2\)

\(=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{1+xy}+\frac{1}{1+z}-\frac{1}{4}\right)^2=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{xyz}{xyz+xy}+\frac{1}{1+z}-\frac{1}{4}\right)^2\)

\(=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{z}{1+z}+\frac{1}{1+z}-\frac{1}{4}\right)^2=\frac{1}{3}\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\right)^2=\frac{3}{16}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c

Vậy Min(P) = 3/16 khi a = b = c