1/a + 1/b + 1/c =0
CHỨNG MINH:bc/a2 + ac/b2 + ab/c2 =3
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\(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=0\\\Leftrightarrow 2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\\\Leftrightarrow (a^2-2ab+b^2)+(b^2-2bc+c^2)+(a^2-2ac+c^2)=0\\\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(a-c)^2=0\)
Ta thấy: \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a;b\)
\(\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\forall b;c\)
\(\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\forall a;c\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\forall a;b;c\)
Mặt khác: \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2=0\)
nên: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\a-c=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\a=c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\left(dpcm\right)\)
#\(Toru\)
1, C/m : a^3 + b^3 + c^3 ≥ a^2.căn (bc) + b^2.căn (ac) + c^2.căn (ab)
Ta có : 2( a^3 + b^3 + c^3 ) = ( a^3 + b^3 + c^3 ) + ( a^3 + b^3 + c^3 )
≥ 3abc + a^3 + b^3 + c^3 ( BĐT Côsi )
= a^3 + abc + b^3 + abc + c^3 + abc ≥ 2.a^2.căn (bc) + 2.b^2.căn (ac) + 2.c^2.căn (ab) ( BĐT Côsi )
=> a^3 + b^3 + c^3 ≥ a^2.căn (bc) + b^2.căn (ac) + c^2.căn (ab)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi a = b = c.
2, C/m : (a^2 + b^2 + c^2)(1/(a + b ) + 1/(b + c) +1/(a + c) ) ≥ (3/2)(a + b + c) ( 1 )
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacốpxki cho phân số ( :D ) ta được :
(a^2 + b^2 + c^2)(1/(a + b ) + 1/(b + c) +1/(a + c) ) ≥ (a^2 + b^2 + c^2).[(1+1+1)^2/(a+b+b+c+a+c)] = (a^2 + b^2 + c^2) . 9/[2.(a+b+c)]
(1) <=> (a^2 + b^2 + c^2) . 9/[2.(a+b+c)] ≥ (3/2)(a + b + c)
<=> 3(a^2 + b^2 + c^2) ≥ (a + b + c)^2
<=> a^2 + b^2 + c^2 ≥ ab + bc + ca.
BĐT cuối đúng nên => đpcm !
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi a = b = c.
3, C/m : a^4 + b^4 + c^4 ≥ (a + b + c)abc
Ta có : 2( a^4 + b^4 + c^4 ) = (a^4 + b^4 +c^4) + (a^4 + b^4 +c^4)
≥ ( a^2.b^2 + b^2.c^2 + c^2.a^2 ) + (a^4 + b^4 +c^4) = ( a^4 + b^2.c^2 ) + ( b^4 + c^2.a^2 ) + ( c^4 + a^2.b^2 )
≥ 2.a^2.bc + 2.b^2.ca + 2.c^2.ab ( BĐT Côsi )
= 2.abc(a + b + c)
Do đó a^4 + b^4 + c^4 ≥ (a + b + c)abc
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi a = b = c.
c: Ta có: \(a\left(a+2b\right)^3-b\left(2a+b\right)^3\)
\(=a^4+6a^3b+12a^2b^2+8ab^3-8a^3b-12a^2b^2-6ab^3-b^4\)
\(=a^4-2a^3b+2ab^3-b^4\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)-2ab\left(a^2-b^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^3\cdot\left(a+b\right)\)
`1)(a+b+c)^2=3(a^2+b^2+c^2)`
`<=>a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=3a^2+3b^2+3c^2`
`<=>2ab+2bc+2ca=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2`
`<=>a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2=0`
`<=>(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0`
Mà `(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2>=0`
Vậy dấu "=" xảy ra chỉ có thể là `a=b=c`
`2)(a+b+c)^2=3(ab+bc+ca)`
`<=>a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=3ab+3bc+3ca`
`<=>a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca`
`<=>2ab+2bc+2ca=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2`
`<=>a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2=0`
`<=>(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0`
Mà `(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2>=0`
Vậy dấu "=" xảy ra chỉ có thể là `a=b=c`
Vậy nếu `a=b=c` thì ....
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3=3a^2b^2c^2\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ac}{b^2}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2}=\dfrac{a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3}{a^2b^2c^2}=\dfrac{3a^2b^2c^2}{a^2b^2c^2}=3\)
Câu hỏi của Hattory Heiji - Toán lớp 8 - Học toán với OnlineMath
Do a+b+c= 0
<=> a+b= -c
=> (a+b)2= c2
Tương tự: (c+a)2= b2, (c+b)2= a2
Ta có: \(A=\frac{1}{b^2+c^2-a^2}+\frac{1}{c^2+a^2-b^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2-c^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{b^2+c^2-\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{c^2+a^2-\left(c+a\right)^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2-\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{-2bc}+\frac{1}{-2ca}+\frac{1}{-2ab}\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c}{-2abc}=0\)
Ta có :
\(P=\frac{ab}{c^2}+\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ac}{b^2}\)
\(P=\frac{abc}{c^3}+\frac{abc}{a^3}+\frac{abc}{b^3}\)
\(P=abc\left(\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}\right)\)
Vì \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=-\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^3=\left(-\frac{1}{c}\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{3}{ab}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)=-\frac{1}{c^3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{3}{ab}\left(-\frac{1}{c}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}-\frac{3}{abc}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{3}{abc}\left(1\right)\)
Thay ( 1 ) và P ta được :
\(P=abc.\frac{3}{abc}\)
\(P=3\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{bc+ac+ab}{abc}=0\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac=0\)
Ta có
\(\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ac}{b^2}+\frac{ab}{c^2}=\frac{\left(ab\right)^3+\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ac\right)^3}{\left(abc\right)^2}\) (1)
Ta có
\(\left(ab\right)^3+\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ac\right)^3-3\left(abc\right)^2=\)
\(=\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\left[\left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ac\right)^2-abbc-bcac-abac\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ab\right)^3+\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ac\right)^3=3\left(abc\right)^2\) Thay vào (1)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ac}{b^2}+\frac{ab}{c^2}=\frac{3\left(abc\right)^2}{\left(abc\right)^2}=3\left(đpcm\right)\)