Tìm x, y, z biết: (x+1)(y+1)=2xyz (x, y, z thuộc N*
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Ta có: \(a^5+b^5\ge a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^5+b^5+2abc\ge a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)+2abc\)
\(\ge ab\left[ab\left(a+b\right)+2c\right]\ge ab\left[2\left(a+b\right)+2c\right]=2ab\left(a+b+c\right)\) (áp dụng với \(a,b,c\ge\sqrt{2}\))
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^5+b^5+2abc}\le\frac{1}{2ab\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán ta được
\(P\le\frac{1}{2xy\left(x+y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{2yz\left(x+y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{2zx\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x+y+z}{2xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{1}{2xyz}\)
2xyz=x+y+z+9
=>2=1/yz+1/xz+1/xy+9/xyz
nếu x>=y>=z>=1
=>2=< (1/z^2)+(1/z^2)+(1/z^2)+(1/z^2)=(1/z^2)4
=>z^2=<24
=>z=1 ;2 ;3 ;4
rồi thay vào tìm tiếp x ;y
xyz = 9 + x + y + z
<=> 1 = 1/yz + 1/xz + 1/xy + 9/xyz
giả sử: x ≥ y ≥ z ≥ 1, ta có:
1 = 1/yz + 1/xz + 1/xy + 9/xyz ≤ 1/z^2 + 1/z^2 + 1/z^2 + 9/z^2 = 12/z^2
=> z^2 ≤ 12 => z = 1, 2 , 3
*z = 1:
1=1/y + 1/x + 1/xy ≤ 1/y + 1/y + 1/y = 3/y
=> y ≤ 3 => y = 1,2,3
y =1 => x= 11 + x (vô nghiệm)
y = 2 => 2x = 12 + x => x = 12 trường hợp nầy nghiệm (12,2,1)
y = 3 => 3x = 13 + x ( không có ngiệm x nguyên)
* z = 2
1 = 1/2y + 1/2x + 1/xy + 1/2xy = 1/2y + 1/2x + 3/2xy ≤ 1/2(1/y + 1/y + 3/y) = .5/2y
=> y ≤ 5/2 => y = 2
=> 4x = 13 + x (không có nghiệm x nguyên)
* z =3:
1 = 1/3y + 1/3x + 1/xy + 3/xy = 1/3y + 1/3x + 4/xy ≤ 1/3(1/y +1/y + 12/y) = 14/3y
=> y ≤ 14/3 => y = 3, 4
y = 3 => 9x = 15 + x (không có nghiệm x nguyên)
y = 4 => 12x = 16 + x (không có nghiệm x nguyên)
Vậy pt có nghiệm là (12,2,1) và các hoán vị của nó.
\(P=\dfrac{xy}{1+x+y}+\dfrac{yz}{1+y+z}+\dfrac{xz}{1+z+x}\)
\(P+3=\dfrac{xy}{1+x+y}+1+\dfrac{yz}{1+y+z}+1+\dfrac{xz}{1+z+x}+1\)
\(P+3=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}{1+x+y}+\dfrac{\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}{1+y+z}+\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}{1+z+x}\)
\(P+3=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}{\left(1+x+y\right)\left(z+1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(1+y+z\right)}+\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}{\left(y+1\right)\left(1+z+x\right)}\)
\(P+3=\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{\left(1+x+y\right)\left(z+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(1+y+z\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(y+1\right)\left(1+z+x\right)}\right]\)
\(\ge\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\cdot\dfrac{9}{\left(1+x+y\right)\left(z+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)\left(1+y+z\right)+\left(y+1\right)\left(1+z+x\right)}\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\cdot\dfrac{9}{\text{ }2xy+2yz+2xz+3x+3y+3z+3}\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\cdot\dfrac{9}{\text{ }2xy+2yz+2xz+3\cdot2xyz}\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\cdot\dfrac{9}{\text{ }2\left(xy+yz+xz+3xyz\right)}\)
Lại có:
\(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)=xyz+xy+yz+xz+x+y+z+1\)
\(=xyz+xy+yz+xz+2xyz=xy+yz+xz+3xyz\)
\(\Rightarrow P+3\ge\left(xy+yz+xz+3xyz\right)\cdot\dfrac{9}{2\left(xy+yz+xz+3xyz\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P+3\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{9}{2}-3=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{3}}{2}\)