Tìm GTLN, GTNN của hàm số: \(y=\frac{sinx+cosx-1}{cosx+3}\)
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Đặt \(sinx+cosx=t\Rightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le t\le\sqrt{2}\)
\(t^2=sin^2x+cos^2x+2sinx.cosx=1+2sinx.cosx\Rightarrow sinx.cosx=\dfrac{t^2-1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow y=t+\dfrac{t^2-1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}t^2+t-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Xét hàm \(f\left(t\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}t^2+t-\dfrac{1}{2}\) trên \(\left[-\sqrt{2};\sqrt{2}\right]\)
\(-\dfrac{b}{2a}=-1\)
\(f\left(-\sqrt{2}\right)=\dfrac{1-2\sqrt{2}}{2}\) ; \(f\left(-1\right)=-1\) ; \(f\left(\sqrt{2}\right)=\dfrac{1+2\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow y_{min}=-1\) khi \(t=-1\) ; \(y_{max}=\dfrac{1+2\sqrt{2}}{2}\) khi \(t=\sqrt{2}\)
Đặt \(t=sinx+cosx;t\in\left[-\sqrt{2};\sqrt{2}\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{t^2-1}{2}=sinx.cosx\)
\(y=t+\dfrac{t^2-1}{2}=\dfrac{t^2}{2}+t-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vẽ BBT của \(f\left(t\right)=\dfrac{t^2}{2}+t-\dfrac{1}{2};t\in\left[-\sqrt{2};\sqrt{2}\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(f\left(t\right)_{min}=-1\Leftrightarrow t=-1\Rightarrow sinx+cosx=-1\Leftrightarrow sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)....
\(f\left(t\right)_{max}=\dfrac{1+2\sqrt{2}}{2}\)\(\Leftrightarrow t=\sqrt{2}\Rightarrow sinx+cosx=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=1\)....
a.
\(y=sinx.cosx+1=\dfrac{1}{2}sin2x+1\)
\(-1\le sin2x\le1\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\le y\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(y_{min}=\dfrac{1}{2}\) khi \(sin2x=-1\Rightarrow x=-\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\)
\(y_{max}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) khi \(sin2x=1\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\)
b.
\(y=2\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}sinx-\dfrac{1}{2}cosx\right)-2=2.sin\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)-2\)
\(-1\le sin\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)\le1\Rightarrow-4\le y\le0\)
\(y_{min}=-4\) khi \(sin\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)=-1\Rightarrow x=-\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\)
\(y_{max}=0\) khi \(sin\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)=1\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{2\pi}{3}+k2\pi\)
2.
$y=\sin ^4x+\cos ^4x=(\sin ^2x+\cos ^2x)^2-2\sin ^2x\cos ^2x$
$=1-\frac{1}{2}(2\sin x\cos x)^2=1-\frac{1}{2}\sin ^22x$
Vì: $0\leq \sin ^22x\leq 1$
$\Rightarrow 1\geq 1-\frac{1}{2}\sin ^22x\geq \frac{1}{2}$
Vậy $y_{\max}=1; y_{\min}=\frac{1}{2}$
3.
$0\leq |\sin x|\leq 1$
$\Rightarrow 3\geq 3-2|\sin x|\geq 1$
Vậy $y_{\min}=1; y_{\max}=3$
Lời giải:
$y=\frac{\sin x+\cos x-1}{\cos x+3}$
$\Rightarrow y(\cos x+3)-\sin x-\cos x+1=0$
$\Leftrightarrow -\sin x+(y-1)\cos x=-3y-1$
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$(-3y-1)^2=[-\sin x+(y-1)\cos x]^2\leq (\sin ^2x+\cos ^2x)[1+(y-1)^2]$
$\Leftrightarrow (-3y-1)^2\leq 1+(y-1)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow 8y^2+8y-1\leq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{-2-\sqrt{6}}{4}\leq y\leq \frac{-2+\sqrt{6}}{4}$
Vậy $y_{\max}=\frac{-2+\sqrt{6}}{4}$
$y_{\min}=\frac{-2-\sqrt{6}}{4}$