Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của các đa thức sau:
A= 2x2 + 3x
B= -x2 - 3x + 2
C= -3x2 - 4x
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Bài 1:
a: \(M=x^2-10x+3\)
\(=x^2-10x+25-22\)
\(=\left(x^2-10x+25\right)-22\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)^2-22>=-22\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-5=0
=>x=5
b: \(N=x^2-x+2\)
\(=x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{7}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{7}{4}>=\dfrac{7}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1/2=0
=>x=1/2
c: \(P=3x^2-12x\)
\(=3\left(x^2-4x\right)\)
\(=3\left(x^2-4x+4-4\right)\)
\(=3\left(x-2\right)^2-12>=-12\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-2=0
=>x=2
Bài 3:
a) Ta có: \(A=25x^2-20x+7\)
\(=\left(5x\right)^2-2\cdot5x\cdot2+4+3\)
\(=\left(5x-2\right)^2+3>0\forall x\)(đpcm)
d) Ta có: \(D=x^2-2x+2\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+1>0\forall x\)(đpcm)
Bài 1:
a) Ta có: \(A=x^2-2x+5\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+4\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1
b) Ta có: \(B=x^2-x+1\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
a) 2x(x+3) – 3x2(x+2) + x(3x2 + 4x – 6)
= (2x . x + 2x . 3) – (3x2 . x + 3x2 . 2) + (x . 3x2 + x . 4x – x . 6)
= 2x2 + 6x – (3x3 + 6x2) + (3x3 + 4x2 - 6x)
= 2x2 + 6x – 3x3 – 6x2 + 3x3 + 4x2 - 6x
= (– 3x3 + 3x3 ) + (2x2 - 6x2 + 4x2 ) + (6x – 6x)
= 0 + 0 + 0
= 0
b) 3x(2x2 – x) – 2x2(3x+1) + 5(x2 – 1)
= [3x . 2x2 + 3x . (-x)] – (2x2 . 3x + 2x2 . 1) + [5x2 + 5 . (-1)]
= 6x3 – 3x2 – (6x3 +2x2) + 5x2 – 5
= 6x3 – 3x2 – 6x3 - 2x2 + 5x2 – 5
= (6x3 – 6x3 ) + (-3x2 – 2x2 + 5x2) – 5
= 0 + 0 – 5
= - 5
\(a,=3\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}=3\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(b,=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+1=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(c,=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+x^2+1=\left(x-y\right)^2+x^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=0\)
Bài 1:
a) Ta có: \(P=1+\dfrac{3}{x^2+5x+6}:\left(\dfrac{8x^2}{4x^3-8x^2}-\dfrac{3x}{3x^2-12}-\dfrac{1}{x+2}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{3}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}:\left(\dfrac{8x^2}{4x^2\left(x-2\right)}-\dfrac{3x}{3\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}-\dfrac{1}{x+2}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{3}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}:\left(\dfrac{4}{x-2}-\dfrac{x}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}-\dfrac{1}{x+2}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{3}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}:\dfrac{4\left(x+2\right)-x-\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)
\(=1+\dfrac{3}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}{4x+8-x-x+2}\)
\(=1+3\cdot\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x+3\right)\left(2x+10\right)}\)
\(=1+\dfrac{3\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x+3\right)\left(2x+10\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)\left(2x+10\right)+3\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x+3\right)\left(2x+10\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x^2+10x+6x+30+3x-6}{\left(x+3\right)\left(2x+10\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x^2+19x-6}{\left(x+3\right)\left(2x+10\right)}\)
\(A=-3x^2+6x-7=-3\left(x^2-2x+1-1\right)-7\)
\(=-3\left(x-1\right)^2-4\le-4\)Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 1
\(B=-2x^2+5x+1=-2\left(x^2-\dfrac{5}{2}x\right)+1\)
\(=-2\left(x^2-2.\dfrac{5}{4}x+\dfrac{25}{16}-\dfrac{25}{16}\right)+1\)
\(=-2\left(x-\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{33}{8}\le\dfrac{33}{8}\)Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 5/4
C;D chỉ có GTNN thôi bạn nhé \(C=2x^2-8x+13=2\left(x^2-4x+4-4\right)+13\)
\(=2\left(x-2\right)^2+5\ge5\)Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 2
\(D=x^2-3x+5=x^2-2.\dfrac{3}{2}x+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}+5\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{4}\ge\dfrac{11}{4}\)Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 3/2
d: Ta có: \(D=x^2-3x+5\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}+\dfrac{11}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{4}\ge\dfrac{11}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức:
a) Ta có:
\(M=2x^2+4x+7\)
\(M=2\cdot\left(x^2+2x+\dfrac{7}{2}\right)\)
\(M=2\cdot\left(x^2+2x+1+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\)
\(M=2\cdot\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+2,5\right]\)
\(M=2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\)
Mà: \(2\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\) nên:
\(M=2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\ge5\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(2\left(x+1\right)^2+5=5\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
Vậy: \(M_{min}=5\) khi \(x=-1\)
b) Ta có:
\(N=x^2-x+1\)
\(N=x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(N=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Mà: \(\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\) nên \(N=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=" xảy ra:
\(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy: \(N_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Tìm giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức
a) Ta có:
\(E=-4x^2+x-1\)
\(E=-\left(4x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(E=-\left[\left(2x\right)^2-2\cdot2x\cdot\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\)
\(E=-\left[\left(2x-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\)
Mà: \(\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\ge\dfrac{15}{16}\forall x\) nên
\(\Rightarrow E=-\left[\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\le-\dfrac{15}{16}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(-\left[\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]=-\dfrac{15}{16}\Leftrightarrow-\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{15}{16}=-\dfrac{15}{16}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow2x-\dfrac{1}{4}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{16}\)
Vậy: \(E_{max}=-\dfrac{15}{16}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{16}\)
b) Ta có:
\(F=5x-3x^2+6\)
\(F=-3x^2+5x-6\)
\(F=-\left(3x^2-5x-6\right)\)
\(F=-3\left(x^2-\dfrac{5}{3}x-2\right)\)
\(F=-3\left[\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2-\dfrac{97}{36}\right]\)
\(F=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}\)
Mà: \(-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2\le0\forall x\) nên:
\(F=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}\le\dfrac{97}{36}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}=\dfrac{97}{36}\Leftrightarrow-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{5}{6}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)
Vậy: \(F_{max}=\dfrac{97}{36}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)
Câu 1:
$y=-2x^2+4x+3=5-2(x^2-2x+1)=5-2(x-1)^2$
Vì $(x-1)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $x\in\mathbb{R}$ nên $y=5-2(x-1)^2\leq 5$
Vậy $y_{\max}=5$ khi $x=1$
Hàm số không có min.
Câu 2:
Hàm số $y$ có $a=-3<0; b=2, c=1$ nên đths có trục đối xứng $x=\frac{-b}{2a}=\frac{1}{3}$
Lập BTT ta thấy hàm số đồng biến trên $(-\infty; \frac{1}{3})$ và nghịch biến trên $(\frac{1}{3}; +\infty)$
Với $x\in (1;3)$ thì hàm luôn nghịch biến
$\Rightarrow f(3)< y< f(1)$ với mọi $x\in (1;3)$
$\Rightarrow$ hàm không có min, max.
a, Có \(\left(x^2-9\right)^2\)≥0 ∀ x ∈ Z
|y-2| ≥0 ∀ y ∈ Z
⇒ Gía trị nhỏ nhất A=-1. Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi:\(\left(x^2-9\right)^2\)+|y-2|=0
⇒ \(x=3\) ; \(y=2\)
Vậy.....
b, Có \(x^4\) ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ Z
3\(x^2\) ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ Z
⇒ Giá trị nhỏ nhất của B=2. Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi: \(x^4\)+3\(x^2\)=0
⇒ \(x^2\left(x^2+3\right)\)=0
⇒ \(x^2\) =0
⇒ \(x=0\)
Vậy...
\(A=2x^2+3x\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{2}x\right)^2+2.\sqrt{2}x.\frac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{9}{8}-\frac{9}{8}\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{2}x+\frac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)^2-\frac{9}{8}\ge-\frac{9}{8}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(x=\frac{-3}{4}\)
\(B=-x^2-3x+2=-\left(x^2+3x+\frac{9}{4}\right)+\frac{17}{4}\)
\(=-\left(x+\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{17}{4}\le\frac{17}{4}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(x=-\frac{3}{2}\)