chứng minh bất đẳng thức
\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}>1\)
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Cách 1:
Ta có: \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+1+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+1\)
\(=3+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô si cho 2 số dương ta được:
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{a}}=2\)
\(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{c}.\frac{c}{a}}=2\)
\(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{b}}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge3+2+2+2=9\) (Đpcm)
Cách 2: Áp dụng BĐT Cô si cho 3 số dương ta được:
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\)
Nhân vế theo vế ta được:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}=9\) (Đpcm)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=1+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+1+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+1\)
\(=3+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\)
Áp dung BĐT cô si cho 2 số không âm ta được:
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{a}}=2\)
\(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{c}.\frac{c}{a}}=2\)
\(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{b}}=2\)
Suy ra: \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge3+2+2+2=9\left(\text{ điều phải chứng minh}\right)\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=a.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+b.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+c.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+1+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+1\)
\(=\left(1+1+1\right)+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\)
Áp dụng tổng hai phân số nghịch đảo lớn hơn hoặc bằng 2 ta có :
\(3+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\ge3+2+2+2=9\)
=> ĐPCM
\(\sqrt{\frac{a}{1-a}}=\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}=\frac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}\ge\frac{2a}{a+b+c}\)(BĐT Cosi)
Tương tự \(\sqrt{\frac{b}{1-b}}\ge\frac{2b}{a+b+c}\) và \(\sqrt{\frac{c}{1-c}}\ge\frac{2c}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{a}{1-a}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{1-b}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{1-c}}\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b+c;b=a+c;c=a+b\Rightarrow a+b+c=0\) (KTM)
Vậy \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{1-a}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{1-b}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{1-c}}>2\)
\(C=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+1+\frac{b}{c+a}+1+\frac{c}{a+b}+1\ge\frac{3}{2}+1+1+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+b+c}{c+a}+\frac{a+b+c}{a+b}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)+\left(a+b\right)\right]\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\left(^∗\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)+\left(a+b\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}\\\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\end{cases}}\)
Nhân vế của các bđt ta được :
\(VT\left(^∗\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
đặt b + c = x ; c + a = y ; a + b = z
\(\Rightarrow\)a + b + c = \(\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=\frac{y+z-x}{2};b=\frac{x+z-y}{2};c=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\frac{y+z-x}{2x}+\frac{x+z-y}{2y}+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\)
\(C=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}-3\right)\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(6-3\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{2}\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{1}{2}\frac{4}{b+c}+\frac{1}{2}\frac{4}{c+a}\)
\(=\frac{2}{a+b}+\frac{2}{b+c}+\frac{2}{c+a}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c
Ta có:\(VT=\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\)
Xét:\(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2+y^2}{xy}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\ge2\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT \(\left(1\right)\)ta được:
\(VT\ge6\)
Ta có:\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+b+c}{c+a}+\frac{a+b+c}{a+b}\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VP\ge4\left(\frac{9}{2}-3\right)=6\)
Trừ vế với vế ta được:
\(VT-VP\ge0\Rightarrow VT\ge VP\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
^^
Con Chim 7 Màu sai rồi nha =))
VT > 6 và VP > 6 thì VP - VT > 0 chứ ko chỉ VT - VP > 0 nhé =))
Lời giải như sau :
Bài 1, \(CMR:\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}\ge4\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\left(a;b;c>0\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt quen thuộc \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\left(x;y>0\right)\) được
\(\frac{4}{b+c}\le\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\Rightarrow\frac{4a}{b+c}\le\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\)
Chứng mình tương tự \(\frac{4b}{c+a}\le\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{a}\)
\(\frac{4c}{a+b}\le\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\)
Cộng 3 vế của bđt lại ta được
\(4\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\le\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}\left(Đpcm\right)\)
Dấu "=" tại a = b = c
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Bài 2 , CMR \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}>2\left(a;b;c>0\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cô-si có
\(a+b+c=a+\left(b+c\right)\ge2\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2}{a+b+c}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2a}{a+b+c}\le\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}\)(Nhân cả 2 vế với a > 0)
C/m tương tự \(\frac{2b}{a+b+c}\le\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+c}}\)
\(\frac{2c}{a+b+c}\le\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}\)
Cộng 3 vế của 3 bđt lại được
\(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
Dấu "=" ko xảy ra nên ta được đpcm
Áp dụng BĐT \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\) ( với a,b,c>0) ta có:
\(\frac{a^3}{b+c}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{4}=\frac{a^4}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{4}\ge a^2\) (1)
CMTT ta được
\(\frac{b^3}{a+c}+\frac{b\left(a+c\right)}{4}\ge b^2\) (2)
\(\frac{c^3}{a+b}+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{4}\ge c^2\) (3)
Cộng lần lượt từng vế của 3 BĐT (1);(2);(3) ta được:
\(\frac{a^3}{b+c}+\frac{b^3}{a+c}+\frac{c^3}{a+b}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{4}+\frac{b\left(c+a\right)}{4}+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{4}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3}{b+c}+\frac{b^3}{a+c}+\frac{c^3}{a+b}+\frac{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}{4}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3}{b+c}+\frac{b^3}{a+c}+\frac{c^3}{a+b}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\) (*)
Áp dụng BĐT \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)với 3 số a,b,c>0 ta được:
\(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}\ge\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
Thay vào pt (*) ta được:
\(\frac{a^3}{b+c}+\frac{b^3}{a+c}+\frac{c^3}{a+b}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2-\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3}{b+c}+\frac{b^3}{a+c}+\frac{c^3}{a+b}\ge\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
k tớ nha !!!
\(\frac{a}{a+b}\)>= \(\frac{a}{a+a}\)= \(\frac{1}{2}\)( vì a + a >= a + b vì a >= b )
\(\frac{b}{b+c}\) >= \(\frac{b}{b+b}\)= \(\frac{1}{2}\)( vì b + b >= b + c vì b >= c )
\(\frac{c}{c+a}\)>= \(\frac{c}{c+c}\) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)( vì c + c >= c + a vì c>=0 )
Từ 3 điều này suy ra
\(\frac{a}{a+b}\)+ \(\frac{b}{b+c}\)+ \(\frac{c}{c+a}\)>= \(\frac{3}{2}\)
dễ dàng c/m (x+y+z)(1/x+1/y+1/z) \(\ge\) 9,dấu "=" khi x=y=z (*)
a/a+b +b/b+c +c/c+a >= 3/2
<=>(a/b+c + 1) + (b/c+a + 1) + (c/a+b + 1) >= 3/2+1+1+1
<=>(a+b+c)/(b+c) + (a+b+c)/(c+a) + (a+b+c)/(a+b) >= 9/2
<=>2(a+b+c)(1/b+c + 1/c+a + 1/a+b) >= 9/2
<=>[(b+c)+(c+a)+(a+b)](1/b+c + 1/c+a + 1/a+b) >= 9/2 (bđt (*))
em mới lớp 6 thôi thông cảm