tìm GTLN,GTNN
a, x2+3x+5
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\(A=\left|3-x\right|+8\ge8\)
\(minA=8\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
\(B=\left|x+2\right|-4\ge-4\)
\(minB=-4\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)
2) \(A=-x^2-y^2+2x-6y+9=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-\left(y^2+6y+9\right)+19=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(y+3\right)^2+19\)
\(maxA=19\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(-x^2+3x=-\left(x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)+\dfrac{9}{4}=-\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{9}{4}\le\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)+\dfrac{9}{4}=-\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{9}{4}\le\dfrac{9}{4}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(A=-3x^2+6x-7=-3\left(x^2-2x+1-1\right)-7\)
\(=-3\left(x-1\right)^2-4\le-4\)Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 1
\(B=-2x^2+5x+1=-2\left(x^2-\dfrac{5}{2}x\right)+1\)
\(=-2\left(x^2-2.\dfrac{5}{4}x+\dfrac{25}{16}-\dfrac{25}{16}\right)+1\)
\(=-2\left(x-\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{33}{8}\le\dfrac{33}{8}\)Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 5/4
C;D chỉ có GTNN thôi bạn nhé \(C=2x^2-8x+13=2\left(x^2-4x+4-4\right)+13\)
\(=2\left(x-2\right)^2+5\ge5\)Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 2
\(D=x^2-3x+5=x^2-2.\dfrac{3}{2}x+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}+5\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{4}\ge\dfrac{11}{4}\)Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 3/2
d: Ta có: \(D=x^2-3x+5\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}+\dfrac{11}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{4}\ge\dfrac{11}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
$A=x^2+y^2-6x+4y+20=(x^2-6x+9)+(y^2+4y+4)+7$
$=(x-3)^2+(y+2)^2+7\geq 0+0+7=7$
Vậy $A_{\min}=7$. Giá trị này đạt tại $(x-3)^2=(y+2)^2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=3; y=-2$
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$B=9x^2+y^2+2z^2-18x+4z-6y+30$
$=(9x^2-18x+9)+(y^2-6y+9)+(2z^2+4z+2)+10$
$=9(x^2-2x+1)+(y^2-6y+9)+2(z^2+2z+1)+10$
$=9(x-1)^2+(y-3)^2+2(z+1)^2+10\geq 10$
Vậy $B_{\min}=10$. Giá trị này đạt tại $(x-1)^2=(y-3)^2=(z+1)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow x=1; y=3; z=-1$
$C=x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz+3$
$2C=2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2xz+6$
$=(x^2-2xy+y^2)+(y^2-2yz+z^2)+(x^2-2xz+z^2)+6$
$=(x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2+6\geq 6$
$\Rightarrow C\geq 3$
Vậy $C_{\min}=3$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x-y=y-z=z-x=0$
$\Leftrihgtarrow x=y=z$
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$D=5x^2+2y^2+4xy-2x+4y+2021$
$=2(y^2+2xy+x^2)+3x^2-2x+4y+2021$
$=2(x+y)^2+4(x+y)+3x^2-6x+2021$
$=2(x+y)^2+4(x+y)+2+3(x^2-2x+1)+2016$
$=2[(x+y)^2+2(x+y)+1]+3(x^2-2x+1)+2016$
$=2(x+y+1)^2+3(x-1)^2+2016\geq 2016$
Vậy $D_{\min}=2016$ khi $x+y+1=x-1=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=1; y=-2$
a) \(4x^2+12x+1=\left(4x^2+12x+9\right)-8=\left(2x+3\right)^2-8\ge-8\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
b) \(4x^2-3x+10=\left(4x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{16}\right)+\dfrac{151}{16}=\left(2x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{151}{16}\ge\dfrac{151}{16}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{8}\)
c) \(2x^2+5x+10=\left(2x^2+5x+\dfrac{25}{8}\right)+\dfrac{55}{8}=\left(\sqrt{2}x+\dfrac{5\sqrt{2}}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{55}{8}\ge\dfrac{55}{8}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{5}{4}\)
d) \(x-x^2+2=-\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{9}{4}=-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{9}{4}\le\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
e) \(2x-2x^2=-2\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}=-2\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
f) \(4x^2+2y^2+4xy+4y+5=\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+1=\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1\ge1\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: Ta có: \(4x^2+12x+1\)
\(=4x^2+12x+9-8\)
\(=\left(2x+3\right)^2-8\ge-8\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
b: Ta có: \(4x^2-3x+10\)
\(=4\left(x^2-\dfrac{3}{4}x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\)
\(=4\left(x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{3}{8}+\dfrac{9}{64}+\dfrac{151}{64}\right)\)
\(=4\left(x-\dfrac{3}{8}\right)^2+\dfrac{151}{16}\ge\dfrac{151}{16}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{3}{8}\)
c: Ta có: \(2x^2+5x+10\)
\(=2\left(x^2+\dfrac{5}{2}x+5\right)\)
\(=2\left(x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{25}{16}+\dfrac{55}{16}\right)\)
\(=2\left(x+\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{55}{8}\ge\dfrac{55}{8}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=-\dfrac{5}{4}\)
a)
Ta có:
\(A=x^2-2x-1=x^2-2x+1-2=\left(x-1\right)^2-2\)
\(\ge0-2=-2\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=-2\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
b)\(B=4x^2+4x+8=4x^2+4x+1+7\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+7\ge0+7=7\)
Vậy \(B_{min}=7\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(2x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-1}{2}\)
c)
Ta có:
\(C=3x-x^2+2=2-\left(x^2-3x\right)\)
\(=2+\dfrac{9}{4}-\left(x^2-2x.\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{17}{4}-\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\le\dfrac{17}{4}-0=\dfrac{17}{4}\)
Vậy \(C_{max}=\dfrac{17}{4}\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
d) Ta có:
\(D=-x^2-5x=-\left(x^2+5x\right)=\dfrac{25}{4}-\left(x^2+2x.\dfrac{5}{2}+\dfrac{25}{4}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{25}{4}-\left(x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2\le\dfrac{25}{4}-0=\dfrac{25}{4}\)
Vậy \(D_{max}=\dfrac{25}{4}\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x+\dfrac{5}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{5}{2}\)
e) Ta có:
\(E=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28\)
\(=x^2+4y^2+5^2-4xy+10x-20y+y^2-2y+1+2\)
\(=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\)
\(\ge0+0+2=2\)
Vậy \(E_{min}=2\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x-2y+5=y-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 1:
$A=(9x^2-5x)+(5y^2+3y)$
$=[(3x)^2-2.3x.\frac{5}{6}+(\frac{5}{6})^2]+5(y^2+\frac{3}{5}y+\frac{3^2}{10^2})-\frac{103}{90}$
$=(3x-\frac{5}{6})^2+5(y+\frac{3}{10})^2-\frac{103}{90}$
$\geq \frac{-103}{90}$
Vậy $A_{\min}=\frac{-103}{90}$. Giá trị này đạt tại $3x-\frac{5}{6}=y+\frac{3}{10}=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x,y)=(\frac{5}{18}, \frac{-3}{10})$
Bài 2:
a.
$-A=4x^2+5y^2-8xy-10y-12$
$=(4x^2-8xy+4y^2)+(y^2-10y+25)-37$
$=(2x-2y)^2+(y-5)^2-37\geq -37$
$\Rightarrow A\leq 37$
Vậy $A_{\max}=37$. Giá trị này đạt tại $2x-2y=y-5=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=y=5$
b.
$-B=3x^2+16y^2+8xy+5x-2$
$=(x^2+16y^2+8xy)+2(x^2+\frac{5}{2}x+\frac{5^2}{4^2})-\frac{41}{8}$
$=(x+4y)^2+2(x+\frac{5}{4})^2-\frac{41}{8}$
$\geq \frac{-41}{8}$
$\Rightarrow B\leq \frac{41}{8}$
Vậy $B_{\max}=\frac{41}{8}$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x+4y=x+\frac{5}{4}=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-5}{4}; y=\frac{5}{16}$
x2 + 3x + 5
= x2 + 2 . x .\(\frac{3}{2}\)+ \(\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2\)+ 2,75
= ( x + \(\frac{3}{2}\))2 + 2,75
Vì : \(\left(x+\frac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow\left(x+\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+2,75\ge2,75\forall x\)
Dấu " = : xảy ra khi :
\(\left(x+\frac{3}{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(Min_A=2,75\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{3}{2}\)
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