Cho x\(^3\)+y\(^3\)+z\(^3\)=3xyz.Chứng minh x=y=z hoặc x+y+z=0
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Bài 3:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho các số dương ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{x}{4}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=1\)
\(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{y}{4}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=1\)
\(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{z}{4}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=1\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT vừa thu được ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{x+y+z}{4}\geq 3\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq 3-\frac{x+y+z}{4}\geq 3-\frac{6}{4}\) (do \(x+y+z\leq 6\) )
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=2\)
Bài 4:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 3 số dương:
\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x}{y}.\frac{y}{z}.\frac{z}{x}}=3\sqrt[3]{1}=3\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
Ta có: \(\frac{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz}{x+y+z}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+z^3-3xyz}{x+y+z}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)z+z^2\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy-yz-zx-3xy\right)}{x+y+z}\)
\(=x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]\ge0\left(\forall x,y,z\right)\)
=> đpcm
Ta có \(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)-3xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy-xz-yz\right)-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+\left(z^2-2zx+x^2\right)\right]=0\)(Nhân hai vế với 2)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]=0\)
Tới đây bạn xét hai trường hợp nhé :)
(x+y+z)((X+Y)^2-Z(X+Y))-3XY(X+Y+Z)
=(X+Y+Z)(X^2+2XY+Y^2-XZ-YZ-3XY)
=(X+Y+Z)(X^2+Y^2+Z^2-XZ-YZ-XY)
a,
\(\left|x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right|\ge0\forall x\\ \left|y+\dfrac{4}{3}\right|\ge0\forall y\\ \left|z+\dfrac{7}{2}\right|\ge0\forall z\\ \Rightarrow\left|x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right|+\left|y+\dfrac{4}{3}\right|+\left|z+\dfrac{7}{2}\right|\ge0\forall x,y,z\)
Mà
\(\left|x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right|+\left|y+\dfrac{4}{3}\right|+\left|z+\dfrac{7}{2}\right|\le0\\ \Rightarrow\left|x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right|+\left|y+\dfrac{4}{3}\right|+\left|z+\dfrac{7}{2}\right|=0\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x+\dfrac{9}{2}\right|=0\\\left|y+\dfrac{4}{3}\right|=0\\\left|z+\dfrac{7}{2}\right|=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{9}{2}=0\\y+\dfrac{4}{3}=0\\z+\dfrac{7}{2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-9}{2}\\y=\dfrac{-4}{3}\\z=\dfrac{-7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(x=\dfrac{-9}{2};y=\dfrac{-4}{3};z=\dfrac{-7}{2}\)
d,
\(\left|x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right|\ge0\forall x\\ \left|y-\dfrac{1}{5}\right|\ge0\forall y\\ \left|x+y+z\right|\ge0\forall x,y,z\\ \Rightarrow\left|x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right|+\left|y-\dfrac{1}{5}\right|+\left|x+y+z\right|\ge0\forall x,y,z\)
Mà
\(\left|x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right|+\left|y-\dfrac{1}{5}\right|+\left|x+y+z\right|=0\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right|=0\\\left|y-\dfrac{1}{5}\right|=0\\\left|x+y+z\right|=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{3}{4}=0\\y-\dfrac{1}{5}=0\\x+y+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-3}{4}\\y=\dfrac{1}{5}\\x+y+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-3}{4}\\y=\dfrac{1}{5}\\\dfrac{-3}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\\\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-3}{4}\\y=\dfrac{1}{5}\\\dfrac{-11}{20}+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-3}{4}\\y=\dfrac{1}{5}\\z=\dfrac{11}{20}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-zy-zx+z^2\right)-3xy\left(x+y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2-zy-zx+z^2\right)=0\)
\(+,x^2-xy+y^2-yz+z^2-zx=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+\left(z^2-2xz+x^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=y=z\)
\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)