Cho a,b,c > 0
Chứng minh rằng \(\frac{a^2}{b}\)+ \(\frac{b^2}{c}\)+ \(\frac{c^2}{a}\)> a+b+c
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1) Theo bđt AM-GM,ta có: \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b+c}.\frac{b+c}{4}}=a\)
Suy ra \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}\ge a-\frac{b+c}{4}\)
Thiết lập hai BĐT còn lại tương tự và cộng theo vế ta có đpcm
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{a^2b}{b^2+1}\ge a-\frac{a^2b}{2b}=a-\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\frac{b}{c^2+1}\ge b-\frac{bc}{2};\frac{c}{a^2+1}\ge c-\frac{ca}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge a+b+c-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge3-\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
tc \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\left(cauchy\right)\)
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}=\frac{a+ab^2-ab^2}{1+b^2}=\frac{a\left(1+b^2\right)-ab}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{ab}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab}{2ab}\ge a-\frac{1}{2}\)(1)
tương tự \(\frac{b}{1+c^2}\ge b-\frac{1}{2}\)(2)
\(\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge c-\frac{1}{2}\)(3)
từ (1)(2)(3)=> \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge a+b+c-\frac{3}{2}=3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c=3\right)\)
=> đpcm
3) Đặt b+c=x;c+a=y;a+b=z.
=>a=(y+z-x)/2 ; b=(x+z-y)/2 ; c=(x+y-z)/2
BĐT cần CM <=> \(\frac{y+z-x}{2x}+\frac{x+z-y}{2y}+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
VT=\(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{x}-1+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{z}{y}-1+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}-1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)-3\right]\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(2+2+2-3\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)(Cauchy)
Dấu''='' tự giải ra nhá
Bài 4
dễ chứng minh \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab;\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4bc;\left(a+c\right)^2\ge4ac\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(a+c\right)^2\ge64a^2b^2c^2\)
rồi khai căn ra \(\Rightarrow\)dpcm.
đấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c\)
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}+a+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+b+\frac{c^2}{a+b}+c\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}+a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+1\right)+b\left(\frac{b}{a+c}+1\right)+c\left(\frac{c}{a+b}+1\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c}\right)+b\left(\frac{a+b+c}{c+a}\right)+c\left(\frac{a+b+c}{a+b}\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\frac{a}{b+c}+\left(a+b+c\right)\frac{b}{c+a}+\left(a+b+c\right)\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+1+\frac{b}{c+a}+1+\frac{c}{a+b}+1\ge\frac{3}{2}+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+b+c}{c+a}+\frac{a+b+c}{a+b}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2a+2b+2c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+c+c+a+a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}b+c+c+a+a+b\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}\\\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nhân từng vế :
\(\Rightarrow\left(b+c+c+a+a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\sqrt[3]{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right).\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(b+c+c+a+a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\left(đpcm\right)\)
Vậy với a ,b ,c > 0 thì \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cô-si cho các số thực không âm ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b+c}\times\frac{b+c}{4}}=a\) (1)
\(\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{a+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{a+c}\times\frac{a+c}{4}}=b\) (2)
\(\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{c^2}{a+b}\times\frac{a+b}{4}}=c\) (3)
Cộng (1),(2) và (3),vế theo vế ta được:
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b+c}{2}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :a=b=c
Vậy \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\) với a,b,c >0
Asp dụng bđt AM-GM ta có
\(\frac{\left(\frac{b+c}{a}+1\right)}{2}\ge\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{a}.1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{2a}\ge\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{a}}\) hay \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}\ge\frac{2a}{a+b+c}\)(1)
Tương tự
\(\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+c}}\ge\frac{2b}{a+b+c}\)(2)
\(\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+a}}\ge\frac{2c}{a+b+c}\)(3)
Từ (1),(2),(3) ta có
\(VT\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+b}}=1\\\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+c}}=1\\\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+a}}=1\end{cases}}\)(vô lí )
Vậy dấu "=" không xảy ra
do đó \(VT>2\)
ღ๖ۣۜLinh's ๖ۣۜLinh'sღ] ★we are one★ bạn viết sai rồi kia. xem đề coi có sai ko đã
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có a+b+c\(\ge2\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}\ge\frac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta có:\(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{b}{c+a}}\ge\frac{2b}{a+b+c}\\\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}\ge\frac{2c}{a+b+c}\end{cases}}\)
=> \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=>\(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b+c\\b=c+a\\c=a+b\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=0}\)(trái với giả thiết)
Vậy dấu "=" không xảy ra => đpcm
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si,ta có :
\(\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{a}.1}\le\frac{\frac{b+c}{a}+1}{2}=\frac{b+c+a}{2a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}\ge\frac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
Tương tự : \(\sqrt{\frac{b}{c+a}}\ge\frac{2b}{a+b+c};\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}\ge\frac{2c}{a+b+c}\)
Cộng từng vế theo vế, ta được :
\(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}\ge\frac{2a}{a+b+c}+\frac{2b}{a+b+c}+\frac{2c}{a+b+c}=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b+c\\b=a+c\\c=a+b\end{cases}\Rightarrow a+b+c=0}\)( trái với giả thiết vì a,b,c > 0 )
Nên dấu "=" không xảy ra
Vậy ...
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có đpcm: \(LHS=\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c}=a+b+c=RHS\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)