Cho \(a,b>0\) . CMR: \(\frac{a^3+b^3}{2}\ge\left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^3\)
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Câu hỏi của Nguyễn Ngọc Lan Thy - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath
Vì a, b, c > 0
\(\frac{a^3}{b^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^3}{b^2\left(b+c\right)}.\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{4}}=2\sqrt{\frac{a^4}{4b^2}}=\frac{a^2}{b}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{b^3}{c^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{b\left(c+a\right)}{4}\ge\frac{b^2}{c}\) và \(\frac{c^3}{a^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{4}\ge\frac{c^2}{a}\)
Do đó \(VT\ge\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\right)-\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c}-\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{6}\)
Đặt \(t=a+b+c\) thì
\(VT\ge t-\frac{t^2}{6}=-\left(\frac{t^2}{6}-t+\frac{3}{2}\right)+\frac{3}{2}=-\left(\frac{t}{\sqrt{6}}-\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow t=3\)
Vậy \(VT\ge\frac{3}{2}\) Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) a = b = c.
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)^2}=\frac{a^3}{a^2+2ab+b^2}\ge\frac{a^3}{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
Xét: \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2ab}=a-\frac{b}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}\ge b-\frac{c}{2};\frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\ge c-\frac{a}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế: \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Nhân 1/2 vào 2 vế => đpcm. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c
Xét \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}-\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-b\)
Tương tự, ta được: \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}-\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}=b-c\); \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}-\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}=c-a\)
Cộng theo vế của 3 đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\left(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)\)\(-\left(\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)\(=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)
Ta đi chứng minh BĐT phụ sau: \(a^2-ab+b^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*
\(\Rightarrow2LHS=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\)\(\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{1}{3}\text{}\Sigma_{cyc}\left[\left(a+b\right)\right]=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow LHS\ge\frac{a+b+c}{3}=RHS\)(Q.E.D)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
P/S: Có thể dùng BĐT phụ ở câu 3a để chứng minhxD:
1) ta chứng minh được \(\Sigma\frac{a^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=\Sigma\frac{b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
\(VT=\frac{1}{2}\Sigma\frac{a^4+b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{4}\Sigma\frac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{8}\Sigma\left(a+b\right)=\frac{a+b+c+d}{4}\)
bài 2 xem có ghi nhầm ko
Chứng minh bất đẳng thức \(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
Có: \(\left[\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{b}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{c}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2\right]\left(\sqrt{x}^2+\sqrt{y}^2+\sqrt{z}^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\) (Bunyakovsky)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
abc = 1 => a^2.b^2.c^2 = 1
\(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{a^2b^2c^2}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{a^2b^2c^2}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{a^2b^2c^2}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{\left(ac\right)^2}{bc+ba}+\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{ca+cb}\ge\frac{\left(ab+ac+bc\right)^2}{2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}=\frac{\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}{2}\)
\(\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{ab.ac.bc}}{2}\)(Cauchy) \(=\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c\\\frac{bc}{ab+ac}=\frac{ac}{bc+ba}+\frac{ab}{ca+cb}\Leftrightarrow\end{cases}a=b=c}\)
Mà abc=1 <=> a^3 = 1 <=> a=1 => b=c=a=1
https://diendantoanhoc.net/topic/80159-ch%E1%BB%A9ng-minh-frac1a2b3cfrac12a3bcfrac13bb2c-leqslant-frac316/
bạn tham khảo ở đây nhé
<3
Cần CM: \(\frac{a}{\left(1-a\right)^3}\ge\frac{135}{16}a-\frac{27}{16}\)\(\left(0< a< 1\right)\)
thaajt vậy, bđt \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a-\frac{1}{3}\right)^2\left(15a^2-38a+27\right)\ge0\) đúng
\(\Sigma\frac{a}{\left(b+c\right)^3}=\Sigma\frac{a}{\left(1-a\right)^3}\ge\frac{135}{16}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{81}{16}=\frac{27}{8}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
1.
\(P=\frac{a^4}{abc}+\frac{b^4}{abc}+\frac{c^4}{abc}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3abc}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(P\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right).3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}}{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a+b+c}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c\)
2.
\(P=\sum\frac{a^2}{ab+2ac+3ad}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4.\frac{3}{8}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}=\frac{2}{3}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=d\)
\(\frac{a^3+b^3}{2}\ge\left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3+b^3}{2}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^3}{8}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8\left(a^3+b^3\right)\ge2\left(a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^3+4b^3-a^3-3a^2b-3ab^2-b^3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^3-3a^2b-3ab^2+3b^3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3-a^2b-ab^2+b^3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(a-b\right)-b^2\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)
( Luôn đúng với mọi \(a;b>0\) )
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
làm giúp mình vài bài tìm GTNN đc không :>