Cho a,b >0 và a+b=1
CMR\(\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)\ge9\)
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Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si cho 3 số ta được
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\)
Nhân 2 vế của bất đẳng thức trên lại ta được đpcm
Dấu ''='' <=> a = b = c
ko dùng đến BĐT cauchy cx dc!
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}\)
\(=1+1+1+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}\)
\(=3+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{c}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)\)
Ta có:\(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge2\),thật vậy:
Gỉa sử \(a\ge c\),khi đó:\(a=c+m\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}=\frac{c+m}{c}+\frac{c}{c+m}=1+\frac{m}{c}+\frac{c}{c+m}\ge1+\frac{m}{c+m}+\frac{c}{c+m}=1+\frac{m+c}{m+c}=1+1=2\)
Chứng minh tương tự,ta được:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{c}\ge2\\\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{c}\ge6\)
\(\Rightarrow3+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{c}\ge9\left(đpcm\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức... mình không biết tên mình mới lớp 7 thui ( có thể là Côsi, AM-GM, Cauchy... ) ta có :
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c}=\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge9\) ( đpcm )
Vậy
Đứa nào đăng lại câu hồi xưa nhục vc -,-
Cách 1 :
\(VT=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\ge\frac{3}{\frac{a+b+c}{3}}=\frac{9}{a+b+c}=9\) ( Cosi 2 lần )
Cách 2 :
\(VT=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}=9\) ( Cosi 2 tích )
Cách 3 :
\(VT=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c}=\frac{9}{a+b+c}=9\) ( Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel )
Chúc bạn học tốt ~
Cách 1. Áp dụng bđt Bunhiacopxki : \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge\left(\sqrt{a.\frac{1}{a}}+\sqrt{b.\frac{1}{b}}+\sqrt{c.\frac{1}{c}}\right)^2=\left(1+1+1\right)^2=9\)
Cách 2. Áp dụng bđt Cauchy :
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
ta có \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\) mà \(a+b=1\)=>\(ab\le\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)=\frac{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}{ab}\)\(=\frac{ab+a+b+1}{ab}\)\(=1+\frac{2}{ab}\) (do \(a+b=1\))
mặt khác \(ab\le\frac{1}{4}\)=>1+\(\frac{2}{ab}\ge1+8=9\)
vây....
Ta có :
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=\frac{a}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{c}{c}\)
\(=1+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+1+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+1\)
\(=3+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{6}\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\ge\sqrt[6]{\frac{a}{b}.\frac{a}{c}.\frac{b}{a}.\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{a}.\frac{c}{b}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{6}\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\ge\sqrt[6]{1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{6}\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\ge1:\frac{1}{6}=6\)
\(\Rightarrow3+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\ge3+6=9\)
~
Còn 1 cách dùng BĐT Cauchy:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=3+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\)
\(=3+\left[\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)\right]\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a};\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a};\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b};\)có :
\(\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\ge2\)
\(\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\ge2\)
\(\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)\ge2+2+2=6\)
Tương tự, bạn làm tiếp.
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=1+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+1+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+1\)
\(=3+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\)
Áp dung BĐT cô si cho 2 số không âm ta được:
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{a}}=2\)
\(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{c}.\frac{c}{a}}=2\)
\(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{b}}=2\)
Suy ra: \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge3+2+2+2=9\left(\text{ điều phải chứng minh}\right)\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=a.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+b.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+c.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+1+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+1\)
\(=\left(1+1+1\right)+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\)
Áp dụng tổng hai phân số nghịch đảo lớn hơn hoặc bằng 2 ta có :
\(3+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\ge3+2+2+2=9\)
=> ĐPCM
1. Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy dạng Engle, ta có :
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{9}{a+b+c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\frac{1}{3}\left(a^3+b^3+a+b\right)+ab\le a^2+b^2+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2+1-ab\right)+ab\le a^2+b^2+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+1\right)\left(\frac{a+b}{3}-1\right)-ab\left(\frac{a+b}{3}-1\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+1-ab\right)\left(\frac{a+b}{3}-1\right)\le0\)
Vì a, b dương \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+1-ab>0\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a+b}{3}-1\right)\le0\Leftrightarrow a+b\le3\)
\(M=\frac{a^2+8}{a}+\frac{b^2+2}{b}=a+\frac{8}{a}+b+\frac{2}{b}=2a+2b+\frac{8}{a}+\frac{2}{b}-\left(a+b\right)\ge8+4-3=9\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho a ; b dương
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=2;b=1\)
Bạn xem lời giải ở đây nhé https://olm.vn/hoi-dap/question/960694.html
ta có \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Rightarrow1\ge4ab\Leftrightarrow ab\le\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{4ab}\ge1\Rightarrow\frac{8}{4ab}\ge8\) hay \(\frac{2}{ab}\ge8\)
ta có
\(\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)\\ =1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{ab}\\ =1+\frac{a+b+1}{ab}\\ =1+\frac{2}{ab}\ge1+8=9\)
(đpcm)