Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức:
\(A=x^2+y^2-xy-2x-2y+9\)
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2A = 2x^2 - 2xy + 2y^2 - 4x - 4y
2A = ( x^2 - 2xy + y^2 ) + ( x^2 - 4x + 2^2 ) + ( y^2 - 4y + 2^2 ) - 8
2A = ( x - y )^2 + ( x - 2 )^2 + ( y - 2 )^2 - 8
Ta có : ( x - y )^2 >= 0 ; ( x - 2 )^2 >= 0 ; ( y - 2 )^2 >= 0 với mọi x , y
=> Min 2A = 0 + 0 + 0 - 8 = -8
=> Min A = -8 : 2 = -4
a) \(A=4x^2-12x+100=\left(2x\right)^2-12x+3^2+91=\left(2x-3\right)^2+91\)
Ta có: \(\left(2x-3\right)^2\ge0\forall x\inℤ\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x-3\right)^2+91\ge91\)
hay A \(\ge91\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left(2x-3\right)^2=0\)
<=> 2x-3=0
<=> 2x=3
<=> \(x=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy Min A=91 đạt được khi \(x=\frac{3}{2}\)
b) \(B=-x^2-x+1=-\left(x^2+x-1\right)=-\left(x^2+x+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{5}{4}\right)=-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{5}{4}\)
Ta có: \(-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\le0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{5}{4}\le\frac{5}{4}\) hay B\(\le\frac{5}{4}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+\frac{1}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
Vậy Max B=\(\frac{5}{4}\)đạt được khi \(x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
\(C=2x^2+2xy+y^2-2x+2y+2\)
\(C=x^2+2x\left(y-1\right)+\left(y-1\right)^2+x^2+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow C=\left(x+y-1\right)^2+x^2+1\)
Ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\inℤ\\x^2\ge0\forall x\inℤ\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-1\right)^2+x^2+1\ge1\)
hay C\(\ge\)1
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y-1\right)^2=0\\x^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=1\\x=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}y=1\\x=0\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy Min C=1 đạt được khi y=1 và x=0
Từ gt ta có x^2+y^^2=xy+1
=>P=(x^2+y^2)^2-2x^2y^2-x^2y^2
=(xy+1)2-2x2y2-x2y2
=x2y2+xy+1-3x2y2=-2x2y2+xy+1
=......
\(1=x^2+y^2-xy\ge2xy-xy=xy\Rightarrow xy\le1\)
\(1=x^2+y^2-xy\ge-2xy-xy=-3xy\Rightarrow xy\ge-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\dfrac{1}{3}\le xy\le1\)
\(P=\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-2\left(xy\right)^2-\left(xy\right)^2=\left(xy+1\right)^2-3\left(xy\right)^2=-2\left(xy\right)^2+2xy+1\)
Đặt \(xy=t\in\left[-\dfrac{1}{3};1\right]\)
\(P=f\left(t\right)=-2t^2+2t+1\)
\(f'\left(t\right)=-4t+2=0\Rightarrow t=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(f\left(-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)=\dfrac{1}{9}\) ; \(f\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ; \(f\left(1\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{max}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ; \(P_{min}=\dfrac{1}{9}\)
a,Ta có: \(2A=4x^2+4xy+2y^2-4x+4y+4\)
\(=4x^2+2x\left(y-2\right)+\left(y-2\right)^2+y^2+8y+16-20\)
\(=\left(2x+y-2\right)^2+\left(y+4\right)^2-20\)
Vì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(2x+y-2\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y+4\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow2A\ge-20\Rightarrow A\ge-10\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ....
c,Ta có:\(4C=4x^2+4xy+4y^2-12x-12y\)
\(=4x^2+2.2x\left(y-3\right)+\left(y-3\right)^2-\left(y-3\right)^2+4y^2-12y\)
\(=\left(2x+y-3\right)^2+3\left(y^2-2y+1\right)-12\)
\(=\left(2x+y-3\right)^2+3\left(y-1\right)^2-12\)
Vì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(2x+y-3\right)^2\ge0\\3\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow4C\ge-12\Rightarrow C\ge-3\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)
Vậy ...
\(A=x^2+\dfrac{y^2}{4}+1-xy-2x+y+\dfrac{3y^2}{4}-3y+3+5\)
\(A=\left(x-\dfrac{y}{2}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-2\right)^2+5\ge5\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=5\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-\dfrac{y}{2}-1=0\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)