Cho B = \(\sqrt{x+3}\) + \(\sqrt{5-x}\)
Chứng minh \(2\sqrt{2}\) \(\le\) B \(\le\) 4
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1/ \(a+1=\sqrt[4]{\frac{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}}-\sqrt[4]{\frac{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{\sqrt{3}-1}}-\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{\sqrt{3}+1}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}}{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}+1-\sqrt{3}+1}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
2/ \(a+b=5\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=125\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=125\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3=125-3ab\left(a+b\right)=125-3.1.5=110\)
3/ \(mn\left(mn+1\right)^2-\left(m+n\right)^2.mn\)
\(=mn\left(\left(mn+1\right)^2-\left(m+n\right)^2\right)\)
\(=mn\left(mn+1-m-n\right)\left(mn+1+m+n\right)\)
\(=mn\left(m-1\right)\left(n-1\right)\left(m+1\right)\left(n+1\right)\)
\(=\left(m-1\right)m\left(m+1\right)\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)\)
Do \(\left(m-1\right)m\left(m+1\right)\) và \(\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)\) đều là tích của 3 số nguyên liên tiếp nên chúng đều chia hết cho 3 \(\Rightarrow\) tích của chúng chia hết cho 36
4/
Do \(0\le x\le1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\x-1\le0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x\left(x-1\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x\le0\Leftrightarrow x^2\le x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
5/ Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{5a+4}=x\\\sqrt{5b+4}=y\\\sqrt{5c+4}=z\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do \(a+b+c=1\Rightarrow0\le a;b;c\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow2\le x;y;z\le3\) và \(x^2+y^2+z^2=5\left(a+b+c\right)+12=17\)
Khi đó ta có:
Do \(2\le x\le3\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-5x+6\le0\Leftrightarrow x\ge\frac{x^2+6}{5}\)
Tương tự: \(y\ge\frac{y^2+6}{5}\) ; \(z\ge\frac{z^2+6}{5}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(A=x+y+z\ge\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2+18}{5}=\frac{17+18}{5}=7\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=7\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(2;2;3\right)\) và các hoán vị hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;1\right)\) và các hoán vị
1.
\(6=\frac{\sqrt{2}^2}{x}+\frac{\sqrt{3}^2}{y}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{x+y}=\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y\ge\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{6}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{x}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{y}{\sqrt{3}}\\x+y=\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tự giải hệ tìm điểm rơi nếu thích, số xấu quá
2.
\(VT\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{81}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
Đặt \(x+y+z=t\Rightarrow0< t\le1\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{t^2+\frac{81}{t^2}}=\sqrt{t^2+\frac{1}{t^2}+\frac{80}{t^2}}\ge\sqrt{2\sqrt{\frac{t^2}{t^2}}+\frac{80}{1^2}}=\sqrt{82}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
3.
\(\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\frac{a^6}{b^{15}.a^6}}=\frac{5}{b^3}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{3b^2}{c^5}+\frac{2}{b^3}\ge\frac{5}{a^3}\) ; \(\frac{3c^2}{d^5}+\frac{2}{c^3}\ge\frac{5}{d^3}\) ; \(\frac{3d^2}{a^5}+\frac{2}{d^2}\ge\frac{5}{a^3}\)
Cộng vế với vế và rút gọn ta được: \(3VT\ge3VP\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=d=1\)
4.
ĐKXĐ: \(-2\le x\le2\)
\(y^2=\left(x+\sqrt{4-x^2}\right)^2\le2\left(x^2+4-x^2\right)=8\)
\(\Rightarrow y\le2\sqrt{2}\Rightarrow y_{max}=2\sqrt{2}\) khi \(x=\sqrt{2}\)
Mặt khác do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-2\\\sqrt{4-x^2}\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x+\sqrt{4-x^2}\ge-2\)
\(y_{min}=-2\) khi \(x=-2\)
Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
\(a\sqrt{1-b^2}=\sqrt{a^2\left(1-b^2\right)}\le\dfrac{a^2+1-b^2}{2}\)
Tương tự cx có: \(b\sqrt{1-c^2}\le\dfrac{b^2+1-c^2}{2}\)
\(c\sqrt{1-a^2}\le\dfrac{c^2+1-a^2}{2}\)
Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=1-b^2\\b^2=1-c^2\\c^2=1-a^2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=3-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=\dfrac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
\(2\le\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{4-x}\le2\sqrt{2}\) (1) (ĐK: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\4-x\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow0\le x\le4\))
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\le\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{4-x}\\\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{4-x}\le2\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) (\(0\le x\le4\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4\le4+2\sqrt{x\left(4-x\right)}\\4+2\sqrt{x\left(4-x\right)}\le8\end{matrix}\right.\) (\(0\le x\le4\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{x\left(4-x\right)}\ge0\\\sqrt{x\left(4-x\right)}\le2\end{matrix}\right.\)(\(0\le x\le4\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\left(4-x\right)\le4\\0\le x\le4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\\0\le x\le4\end{matrix}\right.\) (đpcm)
1.
$x+3+\sqrt{x^2-6x+9}=x+3+\sqrt{(x-3)^2}=x+3+|x-3|$
$=x+3+(3-x)=6$
2.
$\sqrt{x^2+4x+4}-\sqrt{x^2}=\sqrt{(x+2)^2}-\sqrt{x^2}$
$=|x+2|-|x|=x+2-(-x)=2x+2$
3.
$\sqrt{x^2+2\sqrt{x^2-1}}-\sqrt{x^2-2\sqrt{x^2-1}}$
$=\sqrt{(\sqrt{x^2-1}+1)^2}-\sqrt{(\sqrt{x^2-1}-1)^2}$
$=|\sqrt{x^2-1}+1|+|\sqrt{x^2-1}-1|$
$=\sqrt{x^2-1}+1+|\sqrt{x^2-1}-1|$
4.
$\frac{\sqrt{x^2-2x+1}}{x-1}=\frac{\sqrt{(x-1)^2}}{x-1}$
$=\frac{|x-1|}{x-1}=\frac{x-1}{x-1}=1$
5.
$|x-2|+\frac{\sqrt{x^2-4x+4}}{x-2}=2-x+\frac{\sqrt{(x-2)^2}}{x-2}$
$=2-x+\frac{|x-2|}{x-2}|=2-x+\frac{2-x}{x-2}=2-x+(-1)=1-x$
6.
$2x-1-\frac{\sqrt{x^2-10x+25}}{x-5}=2x-1-\frac{\sqrt{(x-5)^2}}{x-5}$
$=2x-1-\frac{|x-5|}{x-5}$
Với mọi n nguyên dương ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)=1\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
Với k nguyên dương thì
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}}\Rightarrow\frac{2}{\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}}=\sqrt{k}-\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\)
\(=\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k-1}\)(*)
Đặt A = vế trái. Áp dụng (*) ta có:
\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}>\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{1}\)
\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}>\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}\)
...
\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}>\sqrt{81}-\sqrt{79}\)
Cộng tất cả lại
\(2A=\frac{2}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{2}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}>\sqrt{81}-1=8\Rightarrow A>4\left(đpcm\right)\)
3.
Theo bất đẳng thức cô si ta có:
\(\sqrt{b-1}=\sqrt{1.\left(b-1\right)}\le\frac{1+b-1}{2}=\frac{b}{2}\Rightarrow a.\sqrt{b-1}\le\frac{a.b}{2}\)
Tương tự \(\Rightarrow b.\sqrt{a-1}\le\frac{a.b}{2}\Rightarrow a.\sqrt{b-1}+b.\sqrt{a-1}\le a.b\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=2\)
Bài 1 : Ta có :
\(A=\sqrt{3x+\sqrt{6x-1}}+\sqrt{3x-\sqrt{6x-1}}\)
\(A\sqrt{2}=\sqrt{6x+2\sqrt{6x-1}}+\sqrt{6x-2\sqrt{6x-1}}\)
\(=\sqrt{6x-1+2\sqrt{6x-1}+1}+\sqrt{6x-1-2\sqrt{6x-1}+1}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{6x-1}+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{6x-1}-1\right)^2}\)
\(=\left|\sqrt{6x-1}+1\right|+\left|\sqrt{6x-1}-1\right|\)
\(=\sqrt{6x-1}+1+\sqrt{6x-1}-1\)
\(=2\sqrt{6x-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{6x-1}\right)\)
Thay \(x=4+\sqrt{10}\) vào A ta được :
\(A=\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{6\left(4+\sqrt{10}\right)-1}=\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{24+6\sqrt{10}-1}\)
\(=\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{23+6\sqrt{10}}=\sqrt{46+12\sqrt{10}}\)
\(=\sqrt{36+12\sqrt{10}+10}=\sqrt{\left(6+\sqrt{10}\right)^2}=6+\sqrt{10}\)
Vậy \(A=6+\sqrt{10}\) tại \(x=4+\sqrt{10}\)
Ta có \(B=\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{5-x}\Leftrightarrow B^2=x+3+5-x+2\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)\left(5-x\right)}=8+2\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)\left(5-x\right)}\) Ta có \(\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)\left(5-x\right)}\ge0\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)\left(5-x\right)}\ge0\Leftrightarrow8+2\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)\left(5-x\right)}\ge8\Leftrightarrow B^2\ge8\Leftrightarrow B\ge2\sqrt{2}\)Vậy \(2\sqrt{2}\le B\)(1)
Áp dụng bđt Bunhia copski ta có
\(B^2=\left(\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{5-x}\right)^2=\left(\sqrt{x+3}.1+\sqrt{5-x}.1\right)^2\le\left[\left(\sqrt{x+3}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{5-x}\right)^2\right]\left(1^2+1^2\right)=8.2=16\Leftrightarrow B^2\le16\Leftrightarrow B\le4\)(2)
Từ (1),(2)\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{2}\le B\le4\)