Cho a,b>0 thoả mãn: a+b=1. CMR: \(\dfrac{2}{ab}+\dfrac{3}{a^2+b^2}\ge14\)
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Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
$\frac{2}{ab}+\frac{3}{a^2+b^2}=\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}$
$\geq \frac{(1+1+1+1+1+1+1)^2}{2ab+2ab+2ab+2ab+a^2+b^2+a^2+b^2+a^2+b^2}=\frac{49}{8ab+3(a^2+b^2)}$
$=\frac{49}{3(a+b)^2+2ab}\geq \frac{49}{3(a+b)^2+\frac{(a+b)^2}{2}}=\frac{49}{3+\frac{1}{2}}=14$
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=\frac{1}{2}$
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\(\dfrac{2}{a+2}+\dfrac{2}{b+2}+\dfrac{2}{c+2}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{a+2}-1+\dfrac{2}{b+2}-1+\dfrac{2}{c+2}-1\ge2-3\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge\dfrac{a}{a+2}+\dfrac{b}{b+2}+\dfrac{c}{c+2}=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+2a}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2b}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+2c}\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+2a+b^2+2b+c^2+2c}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\) đpcm
Phía trên thoả mãn \(\ge1\) chứ không phải 3/2 đâu ạ
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3/ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM, ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{\left(bc\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{\left(ac\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2b}{a}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2}{\left(ab\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2c}{b}\)
Cộng 3 vế của BĐT trên ta có :
\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2.bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b^2.ac}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c^2.ab}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2abc}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{b+c}{2}+\frac{c+a}{2}+\frac{a+b}{2}=a+b+c\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2abc}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
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1.
Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 3 số a;b;c luôn có 2 số cùng phía so với \(\dfrac{2}{3}\), không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử đó là b và c
\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\ge0\)
Mặt khác \(0\le a\le1\Rightarrow1-a\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(1-a\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{2b}{3}+\dfrac{2c}{3}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge-\dfrac{2a}{9}+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}=-\dfrac{2a}{9}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{8}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{4ab}{3}-\dfrac{4ac}{3}-2bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{ab}{3}-\dfrac{ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(b+c\right)-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(2-a\right)-\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{a^2}{3}-\dfrac{2a}{3}-\dfrac{\left(2-a\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge\dfrac{a^2}{12}-\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{7}{9}=\dfrac{1}{12}\left(a-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2+\dfrac{20}{27}\ge\dfrac{20}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge2abc+\dfrac{20}{27}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
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Ta có BĐT: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=3.3=9\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge3\)
Phân tích và áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\dfrac{1+3a}{1+b^2}=\dfrac{1}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{3a}{1+b^2}=\left(1-\dfrac{b^2}{1+b^2}\right)+\left(3a-\dfrac{3ab^2}{1+b^2}\right)\ge\left(1-\dfrac{b^2}{2b}\right)+\left(3a-\dfrac{3ab^2}{2b}\right)=\left(1-\dfrac{b}{2}\right)+\left(3a-\dfrac{3}{2}ab\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1+3b}{1+c^2}\ge\left(1-\dfrac{c}{2}\right)+\left(3b-\dfrac{3}{2}bc\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1+3c}{1+a^2}\ge\left(1-\dfrac{a}{2}\right)+\left(3c-\dfrac{3}{2}ca\right)\)
Cộng các vế của các BĐT ta được:
\(P\ge3-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)+3\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=3+\dfrac{5}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{3}{2}.3\ge3+\dfrac{5}{2}.3-\dfrac{9}{2}=6\)
\(P=6\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=6\)
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Đặt A = \(\dfrac{a-b}{1+c^2}+\dfrac{b-c}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{c-a}{1+b^2}=0\)
= \(\dfrac{a-b}{c^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{b-c}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{c-a}{b^2+ab+bc+ca}\)
= \(\dfrac{a-b}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}+\dfrac{b-c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c-a\right)}{\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{a^2-b^2+b^2-c^2+c^2-a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=0\)
\(\dfrac{a-b}{1+c^2}+\dfrac{b-c}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{c-a}{1+b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a-b}{ab+bc+ca+c^2}+\dfrac{b-c}{ab+bc+ca+a^2}+\dfrac{c-a}{ab+bc+ca+b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a-b}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}+\dfrac{b-c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)+\left(c-a\right)\left(c+a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2-b^2+b^2-c^2+c^2-a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=0\)
Ta có BĐT : \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Rightarrow ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Lại có : \(\dfrac{3}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{2}{ab}=\dfrac{9}{3a^2+3b^2}+\dfrac{9}{6ab}+\dfrac{3}{6ab}\)
Theo BĐT Cauchy schwarz ta có :
\(\dfrac{9}{3a^2+3b^2}+\dfrac{9}{6ab}+\dfrac{3}{6ab}\ge\dfrac{\left(3+3\right)^2}{3\left(a+b\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{6ab}\ge\dfrac{36}{3}+\dfrac{3}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=12+2=14\)
Vậy BĐT đã được chứng minh . Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)