Cho ba số dương a,b,c. CMR
P = \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{4c}{a+b}>2\)
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Bài 1:
Dự đoán dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\) ta tính được giá trị là \(9\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh nó là GTLN
Thật vậy ta cần chứng minh
\(\Sigma\dfrac{11a+4b}{4a^2-ab+2b^2}\le\dfrac{3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}{abc}\)
\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\left(\dfrac{3}{a}-\dfrac{11a+4b}{4a^2-ab+2b^2}\right)\ge0\)
\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-6b\right)}{a\left(4a^2-ab+2b^2\right)}\ge0\)
\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\left(\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-6b\right)}{a\left(4a^2-ab+2b^2\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\ge0\)
\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)}{ab\left(4a^2-ab+2b^2\right)}\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\left(a^5+b^2+c^2\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^5+b^2+c^2}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a}+b^2+c^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}\)
Tương tự rồi cộng theo vế ta có:
\(Σ\dfrac{1}{a^5+b^2+c^2}\le\dfrac{Σ\dfrac{1}{a}+2Σa^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}\)
Ta chứng minh \(Σ\dfrac{1}{a}+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\) - BĐT cuối đúng
Vậy ta có ĐPCM. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 3:
Từ \(a+b+c=3abc\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}=3\)
Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{1}{a};\dfrac{1}{b};\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\rightarrow\left(x;y;z\right)\)\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=3\) và BĐT cần chứng minh là
\(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3\). Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(x^3+x^3+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^3\cdot x^3\cdot1}=3x^2\)
Tương tự có: \(y^3+y^3+1\ge3y^2;z^3+z^3+1\ge3z^2\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)+3\ge3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
Lại có BĐT quen thuộc \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=9\left(xy+yz+xz=3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)+3\ge9\Rightarrow2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\ge6\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3\). BĐT cuối đúng nên ta có ĐPCM
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
T/b:Vâng, rất giỏi
Sửa \(\le\) thành \(\ge\) nha bạn
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=1\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=abc\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{a^2}{a+bc}=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+abc}=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
Tương tự: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2}{b+ca}=\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}\\\dfrac{c^2}{c+ba}=\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}a\)
\(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}b\)
\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}c\)
Cộng VTV:
\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}-\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{8}\\ \Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=3\)
dạng này chắc chắc là phải dùng AM-GM ngược dấu rồi :)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1+b}{1+4a^2}=1+b-\dfrac{4a^2\left(b+1\right)}{4a^2+1}\ge1+b-\dfrac{4a^2\left(b+1\right)}{4a}=1+b-a\left(b+1\right)\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta có:
\(\dfrac{1+c}{1+4b^2}\ge1+c-b\left(c+1\right);\dfrac{1+a}{1+4c^2}\ge1+a-c\left(a+1\right)\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{1+b}{1+4a^2}+\dfrac{1+c}{1+4b^2}+\dfrac{1+a}{1+c^2}\)
\(\ge3+\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=3-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3-\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot\dfrac{9}{4}=\dfrac{9}{4}=VP\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(VT=\left(\dfrac{a}{1+4c^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+4a^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+4b^2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{1+4c^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+4a^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+4b^2}\right)\)
\(VT=\dfrac{3}{2}-\left(\dfrac{4c^2a}{1+4c^2}+\dfrac{4a^2b}{1+4a^2}+\dfrac{4b^2c}{1+4b^2}\right)+3-\left(\dfrac{4c^2}{1+4c^2}+\dfrac{4a^2}{1+4a^2}+\dfrac{4b^2}{1+4b^2}\right)\)
Xét \(\dfrac{3}{2}-\left(\dfrac{4c^2a}{1+4c^2}+\dfrac{4a^2b}{1+4a^2}+\dfrac{4b^2c}{1+4b^2}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+4c^2\ge2\sqrt{4c^2}=4c\\1+4a^2\ge2\sqrt{4a^2}=4a\\1+4b^2\ge2\sqrt{4b^2}=4b\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4c^2a}{1+4c^2}\le\dfrac{4c^2a}{4c}=ca\\\dfrac{4a^2b}{1+4a^2}\le\dfrac{4a^2b}{4a}=ab\\\dfrac{4b^2c}{1+4b^2}\le\dfrac{4b^2c}{4b}=bc\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}-\left(\dfrac{4c^2a}{1+4c^2}+\dfrac{4a^2b}{1+4a^2}+\dfrac{4b^2c}{1+4b^2}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (1)
Xét \(3-\left(\dfrac{4c^2}{1+4c^2}+\dfrac{4a^2}{1+4a^2}+\dfrac{4b^2}{1+4b^2}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+4c^2\ge2\sqrt{4c^2}=4c\\1+4a^2\ge2\sqrt{4a^2}=4a\\1+4b^2\ge2\sqrt{4b^2}=4b\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4c^2}{1+4c^2}\le\dfrac{4c^2}{4c}=c\\\dfrac{4a^2}{1+4a^2}\le\dfrac{4a^2}{4a}=a\\\dfrac{4b^2}{1+4b^2}\le\dfrac{4b^2}{4b}=b\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\dfrac{4c^2}{1+4c^2}+\dfrac{4a^2}{1+4a^2}+\dfrac{4b^2}{1+4b^2}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3}{2}-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge3-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (3)
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{4}\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow3-\dfrac{3}{4}\le3-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{9}{4}\le3-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (4)
Từ (3) và (4)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1+b}{1+4a^2}+\dfrac{1+c}{1+4b^2}+\dfrac{1+a}{1+4c^2}\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\) (đpcm)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
A = \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
A = \(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(a+b\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - Si dạng Engel vào bài toán , ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(a+b\right)}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\) ( * )
Ta lại có BĐT : x2 + y2 + z2 ≥ xy + yz + zx
⇒ a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ ab + bc + ac
⇔ ( a + b + c)2 ≥ 3( ab + bc + ac)
⇔ \(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ac}\) ≥ 3 ( **)
Từ ( *;**) ⇒ \(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(a+b\right)}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)
⇒ \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)
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Bài 1:
Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}.\dfrac{b+c}{4}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{4}}=a\) (1)
Chứng minh tương tự:
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge b\) (2)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge c\) (3)
Từ (1), (2) và (3) suy ra:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge a+b+c\)
Bài 2:
Theo bđt Cauchy ta có:
\(1+\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{a+1}{a}=\dfrac{2a+b+c}{a}\ge\dfrac{2a+2\sqrt{bc}}{a}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+\sqrt{bc}\right)}{a}\ge\dfrac{4\sqrt{a\sqrt{bc}}}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{bc}{a^2}}\)
Chứng minh tương tự:
\(1+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{ca}{b^2}}\)
\(1+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{ab}{c^2}}\)
Nhân vế theo vế 3 bđt trên ta được:
\(\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge4^3\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{\left(abc\right)^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge64\left(dpcm\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt{a}.\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{4a+3bc}}+\sqrt{b}\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{4b+3ac}}+\sqrt{c}\dfrac{\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{4c+3ab}}\right)^2\le\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{4a+3bc}+\dfrac{b}{4b+3ac}+\dfrac{c}{4c+3ab}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\dfrac{a}{4a+3bc}+\dfrac{b}{4b+3ac}+\dfrac{c}{4c+3ab}\right)\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{a}{4a+3bc}+\dfrac{b}{4b+3ac}+\dfrac{c}{4c+3ab}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4a}{4a+3bc}+\dfrac{4b}{4b+3ac}+\dfrac{4c}{4c+3ab}\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3bc}{4a+3bc}+\dfrac{3ac}{4b+3ac}+\dfrac{3ab}{4c+3ab}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{bc}{4a+3bc}+\dfrac{ac}{4b+3ac}+\dfrac{ab}{4c+3ab}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{4abc+3\left(bc\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(ca\right)^2}{4abc+3\left(ac\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{4abc+3\left(ab\right)^2}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{3\left(ab\right)^2+3\left(bc\right)^2+3\left(ca\right)^2+12abc}=\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{3\left(ab\right)^2+3\left(bc\right)^2+3\left(ca\right)^2+6abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{3}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=...\)
áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow VT=\dfrac{a^4}{ab}+\dfrac{b^4}{bc}+\dfrac{c^4}{ca}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}\)
Cần chứng minh rằng \(\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
áp dụng bđt Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2\ge2ab\\b^2+c^2\ge2bc\\c^2+a^2\ge2ca\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\) ( đpcm )
Vậy \(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)( đpcm )
Đặt \(a=\dfrac{yz}{x^2};b=\dfrac{zx}{y^2};c=\dfrac{xy}{z^2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT BSC:
\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+a+1}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+c+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^4}{x^4+x^2yz+y^2z^2}+\dfrac{y^4}{y^4+y^2zx+z^2x^2}+\dfrac{z^4}{z^4+z^2xy+x^2y^2}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^4+y^4+z^4+x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2+xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
Ta cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^4+y^4+z^4+x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2+xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\ge x^4+y^4+z^4+x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2+xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2-xy.yz-yz.zx-zx.xy\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(xy-yz\right)^2+\left(yz-zx\right)^2+\left(zx-xy\right)^2\ge0,\forall x,y,z\)
\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
3/ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM, ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{\left(bc\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{\left(ac\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2b}{a}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2}{\left(ab\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2c}{b}\)
Cộng 3 vế của BĐT trên ta có :
\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2.bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b^2.ac}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c^2.ab}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2abc}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{b+c}{2}+\frac{c+a}{2}+\frac{a+b}{2}=a+b+c\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2abc}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$