Cho x,y,z >2 thoả mãn : \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=1\)
CMR: (x-2)(y-2)(x-2)\(\le\)1
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Có \(\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{x+y+2z}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x+y+2z}}\)\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{\left(1+1+2\right)\left(x+y+2z\right)}}\)\(\le\dfrac{2\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+2\sqrt{z}}\) (theo bunhia dưới mẫu)\(\le\dfrac{2\sqrt{xy}}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{x+y+2z}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\right)\)
Tương tự cũng có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{y+z+2x}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{x}}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{zx}{z+x+2y}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{9}\)
Ta có:\(\frac{4+4\sqrt{1+x^2}}{4x}\le\frac{4+5+x^2}{4x}=\)\(\frac{x^2+9}{4x}\)Tương tự ta đc P\(\le\frac{x+y+z}{4}+\frac{9}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{9}{4}\left(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}\right)\)\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{9}{4}\cdot\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3\left(x+y+z\right)}\)\(=x+y+z\)
Dấu '='xảy ra <=>\(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=xyz\\x=y=z\end{cases}\Rightarrow x=y=z=}\)\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Giả thiết thiếu rồi em, chỗ \(\dfrac{1}{x+1}+...\) thiếu đoạn sau nữa
Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}};\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}};\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+1}=1\)
Ta cần chứng minh: \(ab+bc+ca\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(1=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\dfrac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Áp dụng BĐT Côsi cho 2 số dương x và \(\sqrt{1-y^2}\) có:
x\(\sqrt{1-y^2}\) ≤ \(\dfrac{x^2+1-y^2}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(y\sqrt{1-z^2}\le\dfrac{y^2+1-z^2}{2}\); \(z\sqrt{1-x^2}\le\dfrac{z^2+1-x^2}{2}\)
=> \(x\sqrt{1-y^2}+y\sqrt{1-z^2}+z\sqrt{1-x^2}\le\dfrac{x^2+1-y^2+y^2+1-z^2+z^2+1-x^2}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ x = y = z = \(\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\) => x2 = y2 = z2 = \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
=> x2 + y2 + z2 = 3x2 = 3.\(\dfrac{1}{2}\) = \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)
* Có BĐT : \(\dfrac{4}{x+y}\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) với $x,y>0$ ( Chứng minh bằng xét hiệu )
Ta có BĐT : \(x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y}{x^2+y^2}\le\dfrac{2\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=\dfrac{2}{x+y}\)
Chứng minh tương tự khi đó :
\(P\le\dfrac{2}{x+y}+\dfrac{2}{y+z}+\dfrac{2}{z+x}\)
\(\Rightarrow2P\le\dfrac{4}{x+y}+\dfrac{4}{y+z}+\dfrac{4}{z+x}\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}=2.\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=4032\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le2016\)
Có VT = \(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-\dfrac{2}{xy}-\dfrac{2}{yz}-\dfrac{2}{zx}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-\dfrac{2}{xyz}\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}=\left|\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right|=VP\) (Vì x + y + z = 0)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Côsi cho các số dương $x, y, z$, ta được:$x^{3}+y^{2} \geqslant 2 \sqrt{x^{3} \cdot y^{2}}=2 x y \cdot \sqrt{x}$$y^{3}+z^{2} \geqslant 2 \sqrt{y^{3} \cdot z^{2}}=2 y z \cdot \sqrt{y}$$z^{3}+x^{2} \geqslant 2 \sqrt{z^{3} \cdot x^{2}}=2 z x \cdot \sqrt{z}$Khi đó BĐT đã cho trở thành:$\dfrac{2 \sqrt{x}}{x^{3}+y^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{y}}{y^{3}+z^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{z}}{z^{3}+x^{2}} \leqslant \dfrac{2 \sqrt{x}}{2 x y \sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{y}}{2 y z \sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{z}}{2 z x \sqrt{z}}=\dfrac{1}{x y}+\dfrac{1}{y z}+\dfrac{1}{z x} (1)$Mặt khác ta có:$\dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}} \geqslant \dfrac{2}{x y} \Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{x y} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}\right)$
CMTT: $\dfrac{1}{y z} \leq \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}\right) ; \dfrac{1}{z x} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{x^{2}}\right)$Suy ra: $\dfrac{1}{x y}+\dfrac{1}{y z}+\dfrac{1}{z x} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}(2)$Từ $(1)$ và $(2)$ ta được: $\dfrac{2 \sqrt{x}}{x^{3}+y^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{y}}{y^{3}+z^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{z}}{z^{3}+x^{2}} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}$Dấu " $="$ xảy ra $\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1$
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Côsi cho các số dương $x, y, z$, ta được:
$x^{3}+y^{2} \geqslant 2 \sqrt{x^{3} \cdot y^{2}}=2 x y \cdot \sqrt{x}$
$y^{3}+z^{2} \geqslant 2 \sqrt{y^{3} \cdot z^{2}}=2 y z \cdot \sqrt{y}$
$z^{3}+x^{2} \geqslant 2 \sqrt{z^{3} \cdot x^{2}}=2 z x \cdot \sqrt{z}$
Khi đó BĐT đã cho trở thành:
$\dfrac{2 \sqrt{x}}{x^{3}+y^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{y}}{y^{3}+z^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{z}}{z^{3}+x^{2}} \leqslant \dfrac{2 \sqrt{x}}{2 x y \sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{y}}{2 y z \sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{z}}{2 z x \sqrt{z}}=\dfrac{1}{x y}+\dfrac{1}{y z}+\dfrac{1}{z x} (1)$
Mặt khác ta có:
$\dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}} \geqslant \dfrac{2}{x y} \Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{x y} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}\right)$
CMTT: $\dfrac{1}{y z} \leq \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}\right) ; \dfrac{1}{z x} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{x^{2}}\right)$
Suy ra: $\dfrac{1}{x y}+\dfrac{1}{y z}+\dfrac{1}{z x} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}(2)$
Từ $(1)$ và $(2)$ ta được: $\dfrac{2 \sqrt{x}}{x^{3}+y^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{y}}{y^{3}+z^{2}}+\dfrac{2 \sqrt{z}}{z^{3}+x^{2}} \leqslant \dfrac{1}{x^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2}}$
Dấu " $="$ xảy ra $\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1$
Cho mình sửa lại đề:
CMR:(x-2)(y-2)(z-2)\(\le\)1
Đặt a=x-2, b=y-2, c=x-2,
Theo đề bài, ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}+\dfrac{1}{c+2}=1\)
<=>\(\dfrac{1}{a+2}=1-\dfrac{1}{b+2}-\dfrac{1}{c+2}\)
<=>\(\dfrac{1}{a+2}=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{b+2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{c+2}\right)\)
<=>\(\dfrac{1}{a+2}=\dfrac{b}{2\left(b+2\right)}+\dfrac{c}{2\left(c+2\right)}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{b}{2\left(b+2\right)}+\dfrac{c}{2\left(c+2\right)}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{4\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}}\)=>\(\dfrac{1}{a+2}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}}\)(1)
Tương tự, ta cũng sẽ có:
\(\dfrac{1}{b+2}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{ac}{\left(a+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}}\)(2)
\(\dfrac{1}{c+2}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)}}\)(3)
Lấy (1) , (2), (3) nhân lại với nhau,ta sẽ có:
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2c^2}{\left(a+2\right)^2\left(b+2\right)^2\left(c+2\right)^2}}\)
=>\(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}\ge\dfrac{abc}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}\)
=>\(1\ge abc\) hay \(abc\le1\)
=>(x-2)(y-2)(z-2)\(\le1\)