Cho a+b+c=2p
CMR: (p-a)(p-b)(p-c)<\(\dfrac{1}{8}\)abc
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Theo bất đẳng thức tam giác
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}a< b+c\\b< c+a\\c< a+b\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}b+c-a>0\\c+a-b>0\\a+b-c>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\dfrac{2}{b}\\\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{a+c-b}\ge\dfrac{2}{c}\\\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c-b}\ge\dfrac{2}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo từng vế
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{a+c-b}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{a+c-b}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\) ( đpcm )
Lời giải:
Theo hệ thức lượng trong tam giác:\(\sin ^2a=\frac{1-\cos 2a}{2}\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán và sử dụng định lý hàm cos:
\(\sin ^2\frac{A}{2}=\frac{1-\cos A}{2}=\frac{1-\frac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}}{2}=\frac{a^2-(b-c)^2}{4bc}\)
Ta cần CM \(\frac{a^2-(b-c)^2}{4bc}\leq \left (\frac{a}{b+c}\right)^2\Leftrightarrow (ab+ac)^2-(b^2-c^2)^2\leq 4a^2bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+a^2c^2\leq 2a^2bc+(b^2-c^2)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (b^2-c^2)^2-a^2(b-c)^2\geq 0\Leftrightarrow (b-c)^2[(b+c)^2-a^2]\geq 0\)
BĐT luôn đúng do với \(a,b,c\) là độ dài ba cạnh tam giác thì \(b+c>a\leftrightarrow (b+c)^2>a^2\)
Vậy \(\sin ^2\frac{A}{2}\leq \left (\frac{a}{b+c}\right)^2\Leftrightarrow \sin \frac{A}{2}\leq \frac{a}{b+c}\) (đpcm)
Tương tự : \(\sin \frac{B}{2}\leq \frac{b}{a+c},\sin \frac{C}{2}\leq \frac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow \sin \frac{A}{2}\sin \frac{B}{2}\sin \frac{C}{2}\leq \frac{abc}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM: \((a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\geq 2\sqrt{ab}.2\sqrt{bc}.2\sqrt{ac}=8abc\Rightarrow \frac{abc}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\leq \frac{1}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow \sin \frac{A}{2}\sin \frac{B}{2}\sin \frac{C}{2}\leq \frac{1}{8}\) (đpcm)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+2}=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{b+2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{c+2}=\dfrac{b}{2\left(b+2\right)}+\dfrac{c}{2\left(c+2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}}\\\dfrac{1}{b+2}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{ca}{\left(c+2\right)\left(a+2\right)}}\\\dfrac{1}{c+2}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}\ge\dfrac{abc}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc\le1< \dfrac{9}{8}\)
Đề sai !
Giả sử \(a=b=c=1\) thay vào phương trình đầu thì :
\(\dfrac{1}{1+2}+\dfrac{1}{1+2}+\dfrac{1}{1+2}=1\) ( Thỏa mãn )
Nhưng \(1.1.1< \dfrac{1}{8}\) ( vô lí )
Ap dung bdt Cauchy-Schwarz dang Engel co:
\(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{p-a+p-b}=\dfrac{4}{2p-a-b}=\dfrac{4}{c}\)
Tuong tu: \(\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\ge\dfrac{4}{a}\);
\(\dfrac{1}{p-c}+\dfrac{1}{p-a}\ge\dfrac{4}{b}\)
Cong theo ve cac bdt tren ta co:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\right)\ge4\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
=> Đpcm
\(A=\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}\)
Vì \(a;b;c\) là các số thực dương nên:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{a+b}>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}\\\dfrac{b}{b+c}>\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}\\\dfrac{c}{c+a}>\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo 3 vế :
\(A>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}=1\)(1)
Vì \(a;b;c\) là 3 số thực dương nên \(\dfrac{a}{a+b};\dfrac{b}{b+c};\dfrac{c}{c+a}< 1\) nên:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{a+b}< \dfrac{a+c}{a+b+c}\\\dfrac{b}{b+c}< \dfrac{a+b}{a+b+c}\\\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo 3 vế:
\(A< \dfrac{a+c}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{a+b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c}=2\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có:
\(1< A< 2\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô - si ta có:
\(\left(p-a\right)\left(p-b\right)\le\dfrac{(p-a+p-b)^2}{4}=\dfrac{\left(2p-a-b\right)^2}{4}=\dfrac{c^2}{4}\)
\(\left(p-a\right)\left(p-c\right)\le\dfrac{(p-a+p-c)^2}{4}=\dfrac{\left(2p-a-c\right)^2}{4}=\dfrac{b^2}{4}\)
\(\left(p-b\right)\left(p-c\right)\le\dfrac{(p-b+p-c)^2}{4}=\dfrac{\left(2p-b-c\right)^2}{4}=\dfrac{a^2}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[\left(p-a\right)\left(p-b\right)\left(p-c\right)\right]^2\le\dfrac{a^2b^2c^2}{64}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(p-a\right)\left(p-b\right)\left(p-c\right)\le\dfrac{abc}{8}\) (đpcm)