Tìm x, y ∈ N* biết: x3 + y3 = 9xy
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`#3107.101107`
`D = x^3 - y^3 - 3xy` biết `x - y - 1 = 0`
Ta có:
`x - y - 1 = 0`
`=> x - y = 1`
`D = x^3 - y^3 - 3xy`
`= (x - y)(x^2 + xy + y^2) - 3xy`
`= 1 * (x^2 + xy + y^2) - 3xy`
`= x^2+ xy + y^2 - 3xy`
`= x^2 - 2xy + y^2`
`= x^2 - 2*x*y + y^2`
`= (x - y)^2`
`= 1^2 = 1`
Vậy, với `x - y = 1` thì `D = 1`
________
`E = x^3 + y^3` với `x + y = 5; x^2 + y^2 = 17`
`x + y = 5`
`=> (x + y)^2 = 25`
`=> x^2 + 2xy + y^2 = 25`
`=> 2xy = 25 - (x^2 + y^2)`
`=> 2xy = 25 - 17`
`=> 2xy = 8`
`=> xy = 4`
Ta có:
`E = x^3 + y^3`
`= (x + y)(x^2 - xy + y^2)`
`= 5 * [ (x^2 + y^2) - xy]`
`= 5 * (17 - 4)`
`= 5 * 13`
`= 65`
Vậy, với `x + y = 5; x^2 + y^2 = 17` thì `E = 65`
________
`F = x^3 - y^3` với `x - y = 4; x^2 + y^2 = 26`
Ta có:
`x - y = 4`
`=> (x - y)^2 = 16`
`=> x^2 - 2xy + y^2 = 16`
`=> (x^2 + y^2) - 2xy = 16`
`=> 2xy = (x^2 + y^2) - 16`
`=> 2xy = 26 - 16`
`=> 2xy = 10`
`=> xy = 5`
Ta có:
`F = x^3 - y^3`
`= (x - y)(x^2 + xy + y^2)`
`= 4 * [ (x^2 + y^2) + xy]`
`= 4 * (26 + 5)`
`= 4*31`
`= 124`
Vậy, với `x - y = 4; x^2 + y^2 = 26` thì `F = 124.`
\(x^3+y^3-9xy=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3-3x^2y-3xy^2-9xy=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3+27-3xy\left(x+y+3\right)=27\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-3\left(x+y\right)+9\right]-3xy\left(x+y+3\right)-27=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-3x-3y+9-3xy\right)-27=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2-3x-3y+9\right)-27=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)\left(2x^2-2xy+2y^2-6x-6y+18\right)-54=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2\right]=54\)
Do x, y > 0 => x + y + 3 > 3
Mà x, y nguyên dương => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3\in Z^+\\\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2\in Z^+\end{matrix}\right.\)
Và \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2⋮2\)
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=9\\\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=6\\x^2-xy+y^2-3x-3y=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x\left(6-x\right)+\left(6-x\right)^2-3x-3\left(6-x\right)=-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6x+8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\left(tm\right)\Leftrightarrow y=2\left(tm\right)\\x=2\left(tm\right)\Leftrightarrow y=4\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=27\\\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=24\\x^2-xy+y^2-3x-3y=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x\left(24-x\right)+\left(24-x\right)^2-3x-3\left(24-x\right)=-8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-72x+512=0\) (vô nghiệm)
KL: Vậy phương trình có tập nghiệm (x;y) = [(2;4);(4;2)]
`a, x^3 + y^3 + x + y`
`= (x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2)+x+y`
`= (x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2+1)`
`b, x^3 - y^3 + x -y`
`= (x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2)+x-y`
`= (x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2+1)`
`c, (x-y)^3 + (x+y)^3`
`= (x-y+x+y)(x^2-2xy+y^2 - x^2 + y^2 + x^2 + 2xy + y^2)`
`= (2x)(x^2 + 3y^2)`
`d, x^3 - 3x^2y + 3xy^2 - y^3 + y^2 - x^2`
`= (x-y)^3 + (y-x)(x+y)`
`=(x-y)(x^2+2xy+y^2-x-y)`
a: =(x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2)+(x+y)
=(x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2+1)
b: =(x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2)+(x-y)
=(x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2+1)
c: =x^3-3x^2y+3xy^2-y^3+x^3+3x^2y+3xy^2-y^3
=2x^3+6xy^2
d: =(x-y)^3+(y-x)(y+x)
=(x-y)[(x-y)^2-(x+y)]
\(a,x+y=1\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3=1\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)=1\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+3xy\cdot1=1\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+3xy=1\)
\(b,x^3-y^3-3xy\\ =x^3-3x^2y+3xy^2-y^3-3xy+3x^2y-3xy^2\\ =\left(x-y\right)^3-3xy\left(x-y-1\right)\\ =1^3-3xy\left(1-1\right)=1-0=1\)
\(c,x^3+y^3+3xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)+6x^2y^2\left(x+y\right)\\ =\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+3xy\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy\right]+6x^2y^2\\ =x^2-xy+y^2+3xy-6x^2y^2+6x^2y^2\\ =x^2+2xy+y^2=\left(x+y\right)^2=1\)
Lời giải:
Ta có: \(x^3+y^3=9xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y)^3-3xy(x+y)=9xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y)^3-3xy(x+y+3)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y)^3+3^3-3xy(x+y+3)=27\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y+3)[(x+y)^2-3(x+y)+9]-3xy(x+y+3)=27\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y+3)[(x+y)^2-3(x+y)+9-3xy]=27\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y+3)(x^2+y^2+9-xy-3x-3y)=27\)
Vì \(x,y\in\mathbb{N}^*\Rightarrow x+y+3\geq 5\)
Đến đây ta xét các TH:
TH1: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} x+y+3=9(1)\\ x^2+y^2+9-xy-3x-3y=3(2)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\((1)\rightarrow x+y=6\)
Thay vào PT thứ 2:
\((x+y)^2-2xy+9-xy-3(x+y)=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 27-3xy=3\Leftrightarrow xy=8\)
Thay \(y=6-x\Rightarrow x(6-x)=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6x+8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-2)(x-4)=0\Leftrightarrow x=2, x=4\)
\(\Rightarrow y=4, y=2\)
TH2: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} x+y+3=27(1)\\ x^2+y^2+9-xy-3x-3y=1(2)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\((1)\rightarrow x+y=24\)
Thay vào (2):
\((x+y)^2-2xy+9-xy-3(x+y)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 513-3xy=1\Leftrightarrow xy=\frac{512}{3}\not\in\mathbb{N}^*\) (loại)
Vậy \((x,y)=(2,4); (4,2)\)