Chứng minh với x thuộc Z, x khác -1 thì \(\dfrac{x^4+3x^3+3x^2+x}{2x^2+4x+2}\) nguyên.
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a: \(B=\dfrac{3x\left(2x-3\right)-4\left(2x+3\right)-4x^2+23x+12}{\left(2x-3\right)\left(2x+3\right)}\cdot\dfrac{2x+3}{x+3}\)
\(=\dfrac{6x^2-9x-8x-12-4x^2+23x+12}{2x-3}\cdot\dfrac{1}{x+3}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x^2+6x}{\left(2x-3\right)}\cdot\dfrac{1}{x+3}=\dfrac{2x}{2x-3}\)
b: 2x^2+7x+3=0
=>(2x+3)(x+2)=0
=>x=-3/2(loại) hoặc x=-2(nhận)
Khi x=-2 thì \(A=\dfrac{2\cdot\left(-2\right)}{-2-3}=\dfrac{-4}{-7}=\dfrac{4}{7}\)
d: |B|<1
=>B>-1 và B<1
=>B+1>0 và B-1<0
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2x+2x-3}{2x-3}>0\\\dfrac{2x-2x+3}{2x-3}< 0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-3< 0\\\dfrac{4x-3}{2x-3}>0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x< \dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(A=\dfrac{x^3-4x^2+4x+3x^2-12x+12}{x^2-4x+4}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+3\left(x^2-4x+4\right)}{x^2-4x+4}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-4x+4\right)}{x^2-4x+4}=x+3\)
\(\Rightarrow A\in Z\)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\notin\left\{-1;2;-2\right\}\)
a) Ta có: \(A=\left(\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{\left(x+1\right)^2-3x}-\dfrac{2x^2+4x-1}{x^3+1}-\dfrac{1}{x+1}\right):\dfrac{x^2-4}{3x^2+6x}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{x^2-x+1}-\dfrac{2x^2+4x-1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}-\dfrac{1}{x+1}\right):\dfrac{x^2-4}{3x^2+6x}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{x^3+3x^2+3x+1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}-\dfrac{2x^2+4x-1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}-\dfrac{x^2-x+1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}\right):\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}{3x\left(x+2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^3+3x^2+3x+1-2x^2-4x+1-x^2+x-1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}:\dfrac{x-2}{3x}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^3+1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{3x}{x-2}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x}{x-2}\)
b) Để A nguyên thì \(3x⋮x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x-6+6⋮x-2\)
mà \(3x-6⋮x-2\)
nên \(6⋮x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-2\inƯ\left(6\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-2\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;3;-3;6;-6\right\}\)
hay \(x\in\left\{3;1;4;0;5;-1;8;-4\right\}\)
Kết hợp ĐKXĐ, ta được:
\(x\in\left\{3;1;4;0;5;8;-4\right\}\)
Vậy: Để A nguyên thì \(x\in\left\{3;1;4;0;5;8;-4\right\}\)
Bài 2:
a, \(A=3x\left(2x-5y\right)+\left(3x-y\right)\left(-2x\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2-26xy\right)\)
\(=6x^2-15xy-6x^2+2xy-1+13xy\)
\(=-1\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
b, \(B=\left(2x-3\right)\left(4x+1\right)-4\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-1\right)-2x+5\)
\(=8x^2+2x-12x-3-4\left(2x^2-x-2x+1\right)-2x+5\)
\(=8x^2-10x+2-8x^2+4x+8x-4-2x\)
\(=2-4=-2\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
\(\dfrac{x^4+3x^3+3x^2+x}{2x^2+4x+2}=\dfrac{x^4+x^3+2x^3+2x^2+x^2+x}{2\left(x+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^3\left(x+1\right)+2x^2\left(x+1\right)+x\left(x+1\right)}{2\left(x+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3+2x^2+x\right)}{2\left(x+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\left(x+1\right)^2\cdot\left(x+1\right)}{2\left(x+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{x\left(x+1\right)}{2}\)
Vì x;x+1 là hai số liên tiếp
nên \(x\left(x+1\right)⋮2\)
=>x(x+1)/2 là số nguyên