cho x,y,z,t >0 t/m x.y.z.t=1.Chứng minh:1/(1+x)^2+1/(1+y)^2+1/(1+z)^2+1/(1+t)^2>=1
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Lời giải:
\(A=\frac{x^2}{1-x}+\frac{y^2}{1-y}+\frac{z^2}{1-z}=-(x+1)+\frac{1}{1-x}-(y+1)+\frac{1}{1-y}-(z+1)+\frac{1}{1-z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=-6+(1-x)+\frac{1}{1-x}+(1-y)+\frac{1}{1-y}+(1-z)+\frac{1}{1-z}\)
Do \(1>x,y,z\) nên áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho các số dương ta có:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} (1-x)+\frac{1}{1-x}\geq 2\\ (1-y)+\frac{1}{1-y}\geq 2\\ (1-z)+\frac{1}{1-z}\geq 2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow A\geq -6+2+2+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\geq 0\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=0\). Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=0\)
Bài 2:
a) Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{4b}\) \(\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4^2ab}}=\dfrac{2}{4\sqrt{ab}}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b}\) (Đpcm)
b) Trừ 1 vào từng vế của BĐT ta được BĐT tương đương:
\(\left(\frac{x}{2x+y+z}-1\right)+\left(\frac{y}{x+2y+z}-1\right)+\left(\frac{z}{x+y+2z}-1\right)\le\frac{-9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\le-\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\ge\frac{9}{4}\)
Áp dụng BĐT phụ \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\) ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{9}{2x+y+z+x+2y+z+x+y+2z}=\dfrac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\ge\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{z}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\) (Đpcm)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a-1+b-1}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b-2}\)
Nên cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b-2}\ge8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge8\left(a+b-2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge8a+8b-16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b-4\right)^2\ge0\) luôn đúng
+ \(P=\frac{x}{y^2+1}+\frac{1}{y^2+1}+\frac{y}{z^2+1}+\frac{1}{z^2+1}+\frac{z}{x^2+1}+\frac{1}{x^2+1}\)
+ \(\frac{1}{x^2+1}=\frac{x^2+1-x^2}{x^2+1}=1-\frac{x^2}{x^2+1}\)
+ \(x^2+1\ge2x\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{x^2+1}\le\frac{x^2}{2x}=\frac{x}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\frac{x^2}{x^2+1}\ge-\frac{x}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+1}\ge1-\frac{x}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = 1
+ Tương tự ta cm đc :
\(\frac{1}{y^2+1}\ge1-\frac{y}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> y = 1
\(\frac{1}{z^2+1}\ge1-\frac{z}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> z = 1
Do đó : \(\frac{1}{x^2+1}+\frac{1}{y^2+1}+\frac{1}{z^2+1}\ge3-\left(\frac{x}{2}+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{z}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+1}+\frac{1}{y^2+1}+\frac{1}{z^2+1}\ge3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) (1)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = z = 1.
+ \(\frac{x}{y^2+1}=\frac{x\left(y^2+1\right)-xy^2}{y^2+1}=x-\frac{xy^2}{y^2+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y^2+1}\ge x-\frac{xy^2}{2y}=x-\frac{xy}{2}\) ( do \(y^2+1\ge2y\forall y\) )
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> y = 1.
Tương tự : \(\frac{y}{z^2+1}\ge y-\frac{yz}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> z = 1.
\(\frac{z}{x^2+1}\ge z-\frac{zx}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = 1.
Do đó : \(\frac{x}{y^2+1}+\frac{y}{z^2+1}+\frac{z}{x^2+1}\ge\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y^2+1}+\frac{y}{z^2+1}+\frac{z}{x^2+1}\ge3-\frac{\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}{2}\)
( do \(xy+yz+zx\le\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\) )
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y^2+1}+\frac{y}{z^2+1}+\frac{z}{x^2+1}\ge3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) (2)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = z = 1.
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra
\(P\ge\frac{3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}=3\)
P = 3 \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Vậy Min P = 3 \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\).
1.
\(6=\frac{\sqrt{2}^2}{x}+\frac{\sqrt{3}^2}{y}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{x+y}=\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y\ge\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{6}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{x}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{y}{\sqrt{3}}\\x+y=\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tự giải hệ tìm điểm rơi nếu thích, số xấu quá
2.
\(VT\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{81}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
Đặt \(x+y+z=t\Rightarrow0< t\le1\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{t^2+\frac{81}{t^2}}=\sqrt{t^2+\frac{1}{t^2}+\frac{80}{t^2}}\ge\sqrt{2\sqrt{\frac{t^2}{t^2}}+\frac{80}{1^2}}=\sqrt{82}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
3.
\(\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\frac{a^6}{b^{15}.a^6}}=\frac{5}{b^3}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{3b^2}{c^5}+\frac{2}{b^3}\ge\frac{5}{a^3}\) ; \(\frac{3c^2}{d^5}+\frac{2}{c^3}\ge\frac{5}{d^3}\) ; \(\frac{3d^2}{a^5}+\frac{2}{d^2}\ge\frac{5}{a^3}\)
Cộng vế với vế và rút gọn ta được: \(3VT\ge3VP\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=d=1\)
4.
ĐKXĐ: \(-2\le x\le2\)
\(y^2=\left(x+\sqrt{4-x^2}\right)^2\le2\left(x^2+4-x^2\right)=8\)
\(\Rightarrow y\le2\sqrt{2}\Rightarrow y_{max}=2\sqrt{2}\) khi \(x=\sqrt{2}\)
Mặt khác do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-2\\\sqrt{4-x^2}\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x+\sqrt{4-x^2}\ge-2\)
\(y_{min}=-2\) khi \(x=-2\)
Mấy cái dấu "=" anh tự xét.
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(VT=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\ge\frac{3}{\frac{a+b+c}{3}}=\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
a) Áp dụng: \(VT\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}.\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
b) \(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\le3-\frac{9}{x+y+z+3}=\frac{3}{4}\)