Chứng minh biểu thức dương hoặc âm:
M=\(^{X^2+XY+Y^2+1}\) N=\(-X^2+7X-9\) P=\(2X^2+2X+1\)
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1/
\(M=3x^2-4x+3=3\left(x^2-\frac{4}{3}x+1\right)=3\left(x^2-2x\cdot\frac{2}{3}+\frac{4}{9}\right)+\frac{5}{3}=3\left(x-\frac{2}{3}\right)^2+\frac{5}{3}\ge\frac{5}{3}>0\)
\(N=5x^2-10x+2018=5\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+2013=5\left(x-1\right)^2+2013\ge2013>0\)
\(P=x^2+2y^2-2xy+4y+7=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+3=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+3\ge3>0\)
2/
\(A=10x-6x^2+7=-6x^2+10x+7=-6\left(x^2-\frac{10}{6}x+\frac{25}{36}\right)-\frac{11}{6}=-6\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2-\frac{11}{6}\le-\frac{11}{6}< 0\)
\(B=-3x^2+7x+10=-3\left(x^2-\frac{7}{3}x+\frac{49}{36}\right)-\frac{311}{12}=-3\left(x-\frac{7}{6}\right)^2-\frac{311}{12}\le-\frac{311}{12}< 0\)
\(C=2x-2x^2-y^2+2xy-5=\left(2x-x^2-1\right)-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-4=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-\left(x-y\right)^2-4=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(x-y\right)^2-4\)\(\le-4< 0\)
\(A=3\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2+\frac{11}{12}\)
\(B=2\left(x-\frac{3}{4}\right)^2+\frac{23}{8}\)
\(C=\left(x+\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{11}{4}\)
\(D=\left(x-5\right)^2+\left(3y+1\right)^2+4\)
\(E=\left(4x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+1\)
\(M=-\left(x+\frac{7}{2}\right)^2-\frac{11}{4}\)
\(N=-5\left(x-\frac{3}{5}\right)^2-\frac{41}{5}\)
\(C\) đề sai ví dụ \(x=3\Rightarrow C=2>0\)
\(D=-5\left(x-\frac{7}{10}\right)^2-\frac{131}{20}\)
\(=\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-8y+16\right)=\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-4\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)
dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, x2+ x+ 1
= x2 + 2x.1 +12
= ( x+1)2
Có: (x+1)2 >= 0
nên biểu thức luôn dương với mọi gia trị của x
tương tự với các phần còn lại
a: \(x^2+x+1\)
\(=x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}>0\)
b: \(2x^2+2x+1\)
\(=2\left(x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(=2\left(x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
\(=2\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}>0\)
c: \(x^2+xy+y^2+1\)
\(=x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}y+\dfrac{1}{4}y^2+\dfrac{3}{4}y^2+1\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}y\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}y^2+1>0\)
a: \(x^2+x+1\)
\(=x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}>0\)
b: \(2x^2+2x+1\)
\(=2\left(x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(=2\left(x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
\(=2\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}>0\)
c: \(x^2+xy+y^2+1\)
\(=x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}y+\dfrac{1}{4}y^2+\dfrac{3}{4}y^2+1\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}y\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}y^2+1>0\)
\(N=-x^2+7x-9\)
\(=-\left(x^2-7x+9\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{7}{2}+\dfrac{49}{4}-\dfrac{13}{4}\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-\dfrac{7}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{13}{4}\)
Do đó: N có thể dương hoặc âm
\(P=2x^2+2x+1\)
\(=2\left(x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(=2\left(x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
\(=2\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}>=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Do đó; P luôn dương