Cho x,y > 0 và x + y = 1. CMR: \(\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3}+\dfrac{1}{xy}\text{ ≥ 4+}2\sqrt{3}\)
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a: \(=\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{6}+\dfrac{2}{3}\sqrt{6}-2\sqrt{3}=\dfrac{13}{6}\sqrt{6}-2\sqrt{3}\)
b: \(VT=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\sqrt{xy}}\cdot\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)=\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2\)
c: \(VT=\dfrac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{y}\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{x}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{y-x}{\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}=\dfrac{-\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\sqrt{xy}}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{\frac{xy}{xy+z}}=\sqrt{\frac{xy}{xy+z(x+y+z)}}=\sqrt{\frac{xy}{(z+x)(z+y)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x}{x+z}+\frac{y}{z+y}\right)\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại suy ra:
\(\sum \sqrt{\frac{xy}{xy+z}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x+z}{x+z}+\frac{y+z}{y+z}+\frac{x+y}{x+y}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{1+x^3+y^3}}{xy}>=\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{xy}}\)
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{1+y^3+z^3}}{yz}>=\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{yz}}\)
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{1+z^3+x^3}}{xz}>=\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{xz}}\)
=>\(VT>=\sqrt{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\right)=3\sqrt{3}\)
Bài 1 :
Ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{3a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{2}{b^2+3ab}=\dfrac{1}{3a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{4}{2b^2+6ab}\)
Theo BĐT Cô - Si dưới dạng engel ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{3a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{4}{2b^2+6ab}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+2\right)^2}{3a^2+6ab+3b^2}=\dfrac{9}{3\left(a+b\right)^2}=\dfrac{9}{3.1}=3\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi : \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Lời giải:
Ta có: \(xy+yz+xz=3xyz\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=3\)
Mà theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{9}{x+y+z}\)
Do đó: \(3\geq \frac{9}{x+y+z}\Rightarrow x+y+z\geq 3\)
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Ta có: \(\text{VT}=x-\frac{xz}{x^2+z}+y-\frac{xy}{y^2+x}+z-\frac{yz}{z^2+y}\)
\(=(x+y+z)-\left(\frac{xy}{y^2+x}+\frac{yz}{z^2+y}+\frac{xz}{x^2+z}\right)\)
\(\geq x+y+z-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{xy}{\sqrt{xy^2}}+\frac{yz}{\sqrt{z^2y}}+\frac{xz}{\sqrt{x^2z}}\right)\) (AM-GM)
\(=x+y+z-\frac{1}{2}(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z})\)
Tiếp tục AM-GM: \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\leq \frac{x+1}{2}+\frac{y+1}{2}+\frac{z+1}{2}=\frac{x+y+z+3}{2}\)
Suy ra:
\(\text{VT}\geq x+y+z-\frac{1}{2}.\frac{x+y+z+3}{2}=\frac{3}{4}(x+y+z)-\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\geq \frac{9}{4}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=y=z=1$
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(VT=\sum\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2-xy}}{4yz+1}\ge\sum\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2}}{\left(y+z\right)^2+1}=\sum\dfrac{\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(x+y\right)}{\left(y+z\right)^2+1}\)
Set \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=a\\y+z=b\\z+x=c\end{matrix}\right.\)thì giả thiết trở thành \(a+b+c=3\) và cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.\sum\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)( đến đây quen thuộc rồi)
Ta có:\(\sum\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}=\sum a-\sum\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}\ge3-\sum\dfrac{ab^2}{2b}\)(AM-GM)
\(VT\ge3-\sum\dfrac{ab}{2}\ge3-\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)( AM-GM)
Vậy ta có đpcm.Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1 hay \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(xy\ne0,x,y\ne1\)
\(A=\dfrac{x^{ }}{y^3-1}-\dfrac{y}{x^3-1}+\dfrac{2\left(x+y\right)}{x^2y^2+3}\)
\(xét:\dfrac{2\left(x+y\right)}{x^2y^2+3}=\dfrac{2}{x^2y^2+3}\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{x^{ }}{y^3-1}-\dfrac{y}{x^3-1}=\dfrac{x^4-x-y^4+y}{\left(x^3-1\right)\left(y^3-1\right)}\left(2\right)\)
\(xét:\) \(x^4-x-y^4+y=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^3+x^2y+xy^2+y^3-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+xy\left(x+y\right)-1\right]\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(1-3xy+xy-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(-2xy\right)=-2xy\left(x-y\right)=2xy\)
\(xét\) \(\left(y^3-1\right)\left(x^3-1\right)=x^3y^3-\left[\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)\right]+1\)
\(=x^3y^3-\left(1-3xy\right)+1=x^3y^3+3xy=xy\left(x^2y^2+3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y^2+3}\)
\(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{2}{x^2y^2+3}-\dfrac{2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y^2+3}=\dfrac{2-2x+2y}{x^2y^2+3}\ne0\left(đề-sai\right)\)
a) \(A=\dfrac{x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}}{x+2\sqrt{xy}+y}\)
\(A=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\)
b) \(B=\dfrac{x\sqrt{y}-y\sqrt{x}}{x-2\sqrt{xy}+y}\)
\(B=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)^2}\)
\(B=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}}\)
c) \(C=\dfrac{3\sqrt{a}-2a-1}{4a-4\sqrt{a}+1}\)
\(C=\dfrac{-\left(2a-3\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{\left(2\sqrt{a}\right)^2-2\sqrt{a}\cdot2\cdot1+1^2}\)
\(C=\dfrac{-\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(2\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{\left(2\sqrt{a}-1\right)^2}\)
\(C=\dfrac{-\sqrt{a}+1}{2\sqrt{a}-1}\)
d) \(D=\dfrac{a+4\sqrt{a}+4}{\sqrt{a}+2}+\dfrac{4-a}{\sqrt{a}-2}\)
\(D=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)^2}{\sqrt{a}+2}+\dfrac{\left(2-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(2+\sqrt{a}\right)}{\sqrt{a}-2}\)
\(D=\sqrt{a}+2-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}{\sqrt{a}-2}\)
\(D=\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)-\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\)
\(D=0\)
Bài 1:
Vì $x+y+z=1$ nên:
\(Q=\frac{x}{x+\sqrt{x(x+y+z)+yz}}+\frac{y}{y+\sqrt{y(x+y+z)+xz}}+\frac{z}{z+\sqrt{z(x+y+z)+xy}}\)
\(Q=\frac{x}{x+\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}+\frac{y}{y+\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}+\frac{z}{z+\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}=\sqrt{(x+y)(z+x)}\geq \sqrt{(\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy})^2}=\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{x}{x+\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}\leq \frac{x}{x+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xz}}=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế suy ra:
\(Q\leq \frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+ \frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+ \frac{\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}=1\)
Vậy $Q$ max bằng $1$
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$
Bài 2:
Vì $x+y+z=1$ nên:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{1-x^2}{x(x+y+z)+yz}+\frac{1-y^2}{y(x+y+z)+xz}+\frac{1-z^2}{z(x+y+z)+xy}\)
\(\text{VT}=\frac{(x+y+z)^2-x^2}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{(x+y+z)^2-y^2}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{(x+y+z)^2-z^2}{(z+x)(z+y)}\)
\(\text{VT}=\frac{(y+z)[(x+y)+(x+z)]}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{(x+z)[(y+z)+(y+x)]}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{(x+y)[(z+x)+(z+y)]}{(z+x)(z+y)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\text{VT}\geq \frac{2(y+z)\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{2(x+z)\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{2(x+y)\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}{(z+x)(z+y)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\geq 2\underbrace{\left(\frac{y+z}{\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}+\frac{x+z}{\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}+\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\right)}_{M}\)
Tiếp tục AM-GM cho 3 số trong ngoặc lớn, suy ra \(M\geq 3\)
Do đó: \(\text{VT}\geq 2.3=6\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $3x=3y=3z=1$
Ta có:
\(\left(x+y\right)^3=x^3+y^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+3xy=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+3xy}{x^3+y^3}+\dfrac{x^3+y^3+3xy}{xy}=4+\dfrac{3xy}{x^3+y^3}+\dfrac{x^3+y^3}{xy}\ge4+2\sqrt{3}\)
đẳng thức khi x, =?