Cho x,y>0 và x+y<=1,tìm GTNN: \(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\sqrt{1+x^2y^2}\)
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Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x\left(y+2z\right)}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y\left(z+2x\right)}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z\left(x+2y\right)}}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{\sqrt{x\left(y+2z\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(z+2x\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(x+2y\right)}}\)
\(=\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{x\left(y+2z\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(z+2x\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(x+2y\right)}}\)
Áp dụng liên tiếp Bunyakovsky và AM-GM:
\(\left(\sqrt{x\left(y+2z\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(z+2x\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(x+2y\right)}\right)^2\)
\(\le\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left[x\left(y+2z\right)+y\left(z+2x\right)+z\left(x+2y\right)\right]\)
\(=3.3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
Mà \(3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\le\left(x+y+z\right)^2=3\)
\(3.3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\le3.3=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x\left(y+2z\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(z+2x\right)}+z\sqrt{\left(x+2y\right)}\le\sqrt{9}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\dfrac{9}{3}=3."="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
$M\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{xy}}.\sqrt{1+x^2y^2}=2\sqrt{\frac{x^2y^2+1}{xy}}$
$=2\sqrt{xy+\frac{1}{xy}}$
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM tiếp:
$1\geq x+y\geq 2\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow xy\leq \frac{1}{4}$
$xy+\frac{1}{xy}=(xy+\frac{1}{16xy})+\frac{15}{16xy}$
$\geq 2\sqrt{xy.\frac{1}{16xy}}+\frac{15}{16xy}$
$\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{16}}+\frac{15}{16.\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{17}{4}$
$\Rightarrow M\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{17}{4}}=\sqrt{17}$
Vậy $M_{\min}=\sqrt{17}$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x=y=\frac{1}{2}$
# Bài 1
* Ta cm BĐT sau \(a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\) (1) bằng cách biến đổi tương đương
* Với \(x,y>0\) áp dụng (1) ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{y}\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2\)
Mà \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2\le1\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(0< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\le1\) (I)
* Ta cm BĐT phụ \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\) với \(a,b>0\) (2)
Áp dụng (2) với x , y > 0 ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\ge\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\) (II)
* Từ (I) và (II) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\ge4\)
Dấu "=" xra khi \(x=y=4\)
Vậy min \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}=4\) khi \(x=y=4\)
a) \(\dfrac{\sqrt{16a^4b^6}}{\sqrt{128a^6b^6}}\)
\(=\dfrac{4a^2b^3}{8\sqrt{2}a^3b^3}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}a}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{4a}\)
b) \(\sqrt{\dfrac{x-2\sqrt{x}+1}{x+2\sqrt{x}+1}}\)
chịu đấy :v
c) \(\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)^2}{\left(3-x\right)^2}}+\dfrac{x^2-1}{x-3}\)
\(=\dfrac{x-2}{3-x}+\dfrac{x^2-1}{x-3}\)
\(=\dfrac{x-2}{-\left(x-3\right)}+\dfrac{x^2-1}{x-3}\)
\(=-\dfrac{x-2}{x-3}+\dfrac{x^2-1}{x-3}\)
\(=\dfrac{-\left(x-2\right)+x^2-1}{x-3}\)
\(=\dfrac{-x+1+x^2}{x-3}\)
d) \(\dfrac{x-1}{\sqrt{y}-1}\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(y-2\sqrt{y}+1^2\right)}{\left(x-1\right)^4}}\)
\(=\dfrac{x-1}{\sqrt{y}-1}\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{y-2\sqrt{y}+1}{\left(x-1\right)^4}}\)
\(=\dfrac{x-1}{\sqrt{y}-1}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2\sqrt{y}+1}}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}-1}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2\sqrt{y}+1}}{x-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2\sqrt{y}+1}}{\left(\sqrt{y}-1\right)\left(x-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2\sqrt{y}+1}}{x\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{y}-x+1}\)
e) \(4x-\sqrt{8}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x^3+2x^2}}{\sqrt{x+2}}\)
\(=4x-2\sqrt{2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2\cdot\left(x+2\right)}}{\sqrt{x+2}}\)
\(=4x-2\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{x^2}\)
\(=4x-2\sqrt{x}+x\)
\(=5x-2\sqrt{2}\)
áp dụng BDT AM-GM \(=>x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}=>\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\left(1\right)\)
mà \(x+y\le1=>\left(x+y\right)^2\le1\left(2\right)\)
(1)(2)\(=>4xy\le\left(x+y\right)^2\le1=>4xy\le1=>xy\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\sqrt{1+x^2y^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1+x^2y^2}{xy}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{xy}+xy}\)
\(=2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{xy}+16xy-15xy}=2\sqrt{2\sqrt{16}-\dfrac{15}{4}}=\sqrt{17}\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>\(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(1\ge x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow xy\le\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge4\)
Ta có:
\(A\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}.\sqrt{1+x^2y^2}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{xy}+xy}=2\sqrt{\left(xy+\dfrac{1}{16xy}\right)+\dfrac{15}{16}.\dfrac{1}{xy}}\)
\(A\ge2\sqrt{2\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{16xy}}+\dfrac{15}{16}.4}=\sqrt{17}\)
\(A_{min}=\sqrt{17}\) khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)