cho 3 số thức a,b,>0 cm BĐt sau \(\frac{1}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}>=\frac{2}{1+ab}\) khi a.b>=1
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
a/ \(VT=\frac{1}{a+a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+c+c}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{4}\)
b/ \(VT\le\frac{ab}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\frac{bc}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{ca}{4}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(VT\le\frac{a}{4}+\frac{b}{4}+\frac{b}{4}+\frac{c}{4}+\frac{c}{4}+\frac{a}{4}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1. BĐT ban đầu
<=> \(\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{b}{a+3b}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{c}{b+3c}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{a}{c+3a}\right)\ge\frac{1}{4}\)
<=>\(\frac{a}{a+3b}+\frac{b}{b+3c}+\frac{c}{c+3a}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
<=> \(\frac{a^2}{a^2+3ab}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+3bc}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+3ac}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng BĐT buniacoxki dang phân thức
=> BĐT cần CM
<=> \(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
<=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\)luôn đúng
=> BĐT được CM
2) \(a+b+c\le ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3\left(a+b+c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b+c-3\right)\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+b+c\ge3\)
ko mất tính tổng quát giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)
Có: \(3\le a+b+c\le ab+bc+ca\le3a^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(3a^2\ge3\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a\ge1\)
=> \(\frac{1}{1+a+b}+\frac{1}{1+b+c}+\frac{1}{1+c+a}\le\frac{3}{1+2a}\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Nhân cả 2 vế với a+b+c
Chứng minh \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\) tương tự với \(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b};\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}-2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2-2ab+b^2}{ab}\ge0\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab}\ge0\)luôn đúng do a;b>0
dễ rồi nhé
b) \(P=\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}\)
\(P=\left(\frac{x+1}{x+1}+\frac{y+1}{y+1}+\frac{z+1}{z+1}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
\(P=\left(1+1+1\right)-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
\(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy Schwarz dạng Engel (mình nói bđt như vậy,chỗ này bạn cứ nói theo cái bđt đề bài cho đi) ta được:
\(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+1+y+1+z+1}=\frac{9}{4}\)
=>\(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\le3-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
=>Pmax=3/4 <=> x=y=z=1/3
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
2 )\(\frac{1}{1+x}\ge\left(1-\frac{1}{1+y}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{1+z}\right)=\frac{y}{1+y}+\frac{z}{1+z}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}}\)
CMTT \(\frac{1}{1+y}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)}};\frac{1}{1+z}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)}}\)
Nhân vế với vế 3 bđt được
\(\frac{1}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}\ge\frac{8xyz}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=xyz\le\frac{1}{8}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi z=y=z = 1/2
1)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{8b}>\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{2}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b}{2\sqrt{b}}>\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-2\sqrt{ab}+b>0\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2>0\) (có a>b>0 theo gt) (đpcm)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+2}+\frac{1}{b^2+2}+\frac{1}{c^2+2}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{a^2+2}+\frac{2}{b^2+2}+\frac{2}{c^2+2}\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{2}{a^2+2}+1-\frac{2}{b^2+2}+1-\frac{2}{c^2+2}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{a^2+2}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+2}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+2}\ge1\)
Ta cần cm bđt trên đúng.Thật vậy
\(\frac{a^2}{a^2+2}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+2}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+2}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}=1\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(VT=\frac{1}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}=\frac{1+b^2}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)}+\frac{1+a^2}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)}\)\(=\frac{2+a^2+b^2}{1+a^2+b^2+a^2b^2}\)
Ta luôn có: \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\) \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a^2+b^2\ge2\) do \(ab\ge1\)
\(ab\ge1\) \(\Rightarrow\) \(a^2b^2\ge1\)
Khi đó: \(VT=\frac{2+a^2+b^2}{1+a^2+b^2+a^2b^2}\ge\frac{2+2}{1+2ab+1}=\frac{4}{2\left(1+ab\right)}=\frac{2}{1+ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(VT\ge\frac{2}{1+ab}\) hay \(\frac{1}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}\ge\frac{2}{1+ab}\) (đpcm)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}\ge\frac{2}{1+ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{1+a^2}-\frac{1}{1+ab}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{1+b^2}-\frac{1}{1+ab}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1+ab-1-a^2}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}+\frac{1+ab-1-b^2}{\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(b-a\right)\left(1+b^2\right)+b\left(a-b\right)\left(1+a^2\right)}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(ab-1\right)}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\)(đúng do \(ab\ge1\))
=> DPCM
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(x=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2}=x^2-2\)
Xét mẫu thức : \(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2}-\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)=x^2-x-2=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\)
Thay \(x=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\) được mẫu thức : \(\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+1\right)\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}-2\right)=\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+1\right).\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab}\)
Ta có : \(P=\frac{\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}\right)^2}{\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2}-\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)}=\frac{\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+1\right).\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{a^2b^2}}{\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+1\right).\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{a^2b^2}.\frac{ab}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=\frac{1}{ab}\) (đpcm)
b) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy :
\(1=4a+b+\sqrt{ab}\ge2\sqrt{4a.b}+\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow5\sqrt{ab}\le1\Rightarrow ab\le\frac{1}{25}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{1}{ab}\ge25\) . Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\begin{cases}4a+b+\sqrt{ab}=1\\4a=b\end{cases}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}a=\frac{1}{10}\\b=\frac{2}{5}\end{cases}\)
Vậy P đạt giá trị nhỏ nhất bằng 25 tại \(\left(a;b\right)=\left(\frac{1}{10};\frac{2}{5}\right)\)
pn ơi , bđt cauchy : \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)
s lại là \(2\sqrt{4a.b}+\sqrt{ab}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Mấy cái dấu "=" anh tự xét.
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(VT=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\ge\frac{3}{\frac{a+b+c}{3}}=\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
a) Áp dụng: \(VT\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}.\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
b) \(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\le3-\frac{9}{x+y+z+3}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}\ge\frac{2}{1+ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)+\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)-2\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab^3+b^2+ab+1+a^3b+a^2+ab+1-2a^2b^2-2a^2-2b^2-2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3b+ab^3-2a^2b^2-a^2-b^2+2ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a-b\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab-1\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)đúng do \(ab\ge1,\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\).
Do biến đổi tương đương, bất đẳng thức cuối đúng nên bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh cũng đúng.
Ta có đpcm.