\(\frac{1}{3}\le\frac{^{x^2}+x+1}{x^2-x+1}\le3\)CM
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\(\cdot\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+2x+1>0\)
\(\Rightarrow2x^2+4x+2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x^2+3x+3\right)-\left(x^2-x+1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x^2+x+1\right)\ge x^2-x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{x^2+x+1}{x^2-x+1}\ge\frac{1}{3}\) (1)
\(\cdot\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow2x^2-4x+2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x^2-3x+3\right)-\left(x^2+x+1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x^2-x+1\right)\ge x^2+x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2+x+1}{x^2-x+1}\le3\)(2)
Từ(1),(2) => đpcm
chứng minh \(\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{x}{1+x^2}+\frac{y}{1+y^2}+\frac{z}{1+z^2}\)
ta có \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow x^2+1\ge2x\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x}{1+x^2}\le1\)
\(\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow y^2+1\ge2y\Leftrightarrow\frac{2y}{1+y^2}\le1\)
\(\left(z-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow z^2+1\ge2z\Leftrightarrow\frac{2z}{1+z^2}\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x}{1+x^2}+\frac{2y}{1+y^2}+\frac{2x}{1+z^2}\le3\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{1+x^2}+\frac{y}{1+y^2}+\frac{z}{1+z^2}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
chứng minh \(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có:
\(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}}\)
ta lại có \(\frac{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}{3}\ge\sqrt[3]{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}\)
vậy \(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\ge\frac{3}{\frac{\left(1+x\right)+\left(1+y\right)+\left(1+z\right)}{3}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
kết hợp ta có \(\frac{x}{1+x^2}+\frac{y}{1+y^2}+\frac{z}{1+z^2}\le\frac{3}{2}\le\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{2.\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{x^2+1}=\frac{2.\left(x^2+1\right)+2x}{x^2+1}=2+\frac{2x}{x^2+1}\)
Ta có:\(2+\frac{2x}{x^2+1}-1=1+\frac{2x}{x^2+1}\)
\(=\frac{x^2+2x+1}{x^2+1}=\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{x^2+1}\ge0\) \(\Rightarrow\frac{2.\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{x^2+1}\ge1\)
\(2+\frac{2x}{x^2+1}-3=\frac{2x}{x^2+1}-1=\frac{-x^2+2x-1}{x^2+1}\)
\(=\frac{-\left(x-1\right)^2}{x^2+1}\le0\) \(\Rightarrow\frac{2.\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{x^2+1}\le3\)
Vậy \(1\le\frac{2.\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{x^2+1}\le3\)
Bài 3: \(A=\frac{\left(2a+b+c\right)\left(a+2b+c\right)\left(a+b+2c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
Đặt a+b=x;b+c=y;c+a=z
\(A=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{xyz}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{xy}.2\sqrt{yz}.2\sqrt{zx}}{xyz}=\frac{8xyz}{xyz}=8\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Bài 4: \(A=\frac{9x}{2-x}+\frac{2}{x}=\frac{9x-18}{2-x}+\frac{18}{2-x}+\frac{2}{x}\ge-9+\frac{\left(\sqrt{18}+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}{2-x+x}=-9+\frac{32}{2}=7\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi\(\frac{\sqrt{18}}{2-x}=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{x}\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(A=\frac{3}{4}.4.x^2\left(8-x^2\right)\le\frac{3}{4}\left(x^2+8-x^2\right)^2=48\)
\(A_{max}=48\) khi \(x^2=8-x^2\Rightarrow x=\pm2\)
\(B=\frac{1}{2}\left(2x-1\right)\left(6-2x\right)\le\frac{1}{8}\left(2x-1+6-2x\right)^2=\frac{25}{8}\)
\(B_{max}=\frac{25}{8}\) khi \(2x-1=6-2x\Rightarrow x=\frac{7}{4}\)
\(C=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.\sqrt{3}x\left(3-\sqrt{3}x\right)\le\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}\left(\sqrt{3}x+3-\sqrt{3}x\right)^2=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
\(C_{max}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\) khi \(\sqrt{3}x=3-\sqrt{3}x=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
\(D=\frac{1}{20}.20x\left(32-20x\right)\le\frac{1}{80}\left(20x+32-20x\right)^2=\frac{64}{5}\)
\(D_{max}=\frac{64}{5}\) khi \(20x=32-20x\Rightarrow x=\frac{4}{5}\)
\(E=\frac{4}{5}\left(5x-5\right)\left(8-5x\right)\le\frac{1}{5}\left(5x-5+8-5x\right)=\frac{9}{5}\)
\(E_{max}=\frac{9}{5}\) khi \(5x-5=8-5x\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{13}{10}\)
Sai bất đẳng thức giữa của (1) rồi\(x+1>0\Leftrightarrow x>-1.\)
Suy ra phải sửa luôn mấy phần bên dưới. Và kết luận : \(-1< x\le3\)
\(\frac{1}{3}< =\frac{x^2+x+1}{x^2-x+1}\Rightarrow x^2-x+1< =3x^2+3x+3\Rightarrow x^2-x+1-3x^2-3x-3< =0\)
\(\Rightarrow-2x^2-4x-2< =0\Rightarrow-2\left(x^2+2x+1\right)< =0\Rightarrow-2\left(x+1\right)^2< =0\)
vì \(\left(x+1\right)^2>=0;-2< 0\Rightarrow-2\left(x+1\right)^2< =0\)luôn đúng \(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{3}< =\frac{x^2+x+1}{x^2-x+1}\)luôn dúng (1)
cái kia cx tương tự như vậy nhé