(5x-3)^3 + (4x+8)^3=(9x+5)^3
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+\dfrac{1}{3}+x+\dfrac{1}{2}+x+\dfrac{3}{5}=x+\dfrac{1}{7}+x+\dfrac{1}{4}+x+\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{11}{10}=\dfrac{11}{28}\) (vô lý)
Vậy pt vô nghiệm
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có 5x -3 + 4x + 8 = 9x +5
Đặt 5x -3 = a , 4x + 8 = b , ta có phương trình tương đương
\(â^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)-a^3-b^3=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3ab\left(a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3ab=0\\a+b=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=0\\b=0\end{matrix}\right.\\a+b=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đến đây dễ rồi, thay vào tìm x , y là xong
\(\)
Trước hết ta chứng minh tính chất quen thuộc: cho 3 số thực \(a;b;c\) sao cho \(a+b+c=0\) thì \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
Thật vậy, ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(-c\right)\) (do \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c\))
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+c\right)c+c^2\right)+3abc\)
\(=3abc\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán, pt đã cho tương đương:
\(\left(5x-3\right)^3+\left(4x+8\right)^3-\left(9x+5\right)^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(5x-3\right)^3+\left(4x+8\right)^3+\left(-9x-5\right)^3=0\) (1)
Do \(\left(5x-3\right)+\left(4x+8\right)+\left(-9x-5\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(5x-3\right)^3+\left(4x+8\right)^3+\left(-9x-5\right)^3=3\left(5x-3\right)\left(4x+8\right)\left(-9x-5\right)\)
Vậy \(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow3.\left(5x-3\right)\left(4x+8\right)\left(-9x-5\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}5x-3=0\\4x+8=0\\-9x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{3}{5}\\x=-2\\x=\frac{-5}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a: ĐKXĐ: \(x\in R\)
\(\sqrt{\left(2x+3\right)^2}=5\)
=>|2x+3|=5
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+3=5\\2x+3=-5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=2\\2x=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\left(nhận\right)\\x=-4\left(nhận\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b: ĐKXĐ: \(x\in R\)
\(\sqrt{9\left(x-2\right)^2}=18\)
=>\(\sqrt{9}\cdot\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2}=18\)
=>\(3\cdot\left|x-2\right|=18\)
=>\(\left|x-2\right|=6\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=6\\x-2=-6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=8\left(nhận\right)\\x=-4\left(nhận\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c: ĐKXĐ: x>=2
\(\sqrt{9x-18}-\sqrt{4x-8}+3\sqrt{x-2}=40\)
=>\(3\sqrt{x-2}-2\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{x-2}=40\)
=>\(4\sqrt{x-2}=40\)
=>\(\sqrt{x-2}=10\)
=>x-2=100
=>x=102(nhận)
d: ĐKXĐ: \(x\in R\)
\(\sqrt{4\left(x-3\right)^2}=8\)
=>\(\sqrt{\left(2x-6\right)^2}=8\)
=>|2x-6|=8
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-6=8\\2x-6=-8\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=14\\2x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=7\left(nhận\right)\\x=-1\left(nhận\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
e: ĐKXĐ: \(x\in R\)
\(\sqrt{4x^2+12x+9}=5\)
=>\(\sqrt{\left(2x\right)^2+2\cdot2x\cdot3+3^2}=5\)
=>\(\sqrt{\left(2x+3\right)^2}=5\)
=>|2x+3|=5
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+3=5\\2x+3=-5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=2\\2x=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\left(nhận\right)\\x=-4\left(nhận\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
f: ĐKXĐ:x>=6/5
\(\sqrt{5x-6}-3=0\)
=>\(\sqrt{5x-6}=3\)
=>\(5x-6=3^2=9\)
=>5x=6+9=15
=>x=15/5=3(nhận)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
`a)sqrt{5x-2}=3(x>=2/5)`
`<=>5x-2=9`
`<=>5x=11`
`<=>x=11/5(tm)`
`b)sqrt{x^2-4x+4}-5=0`
`<=>\sqrt{(x-2)^2}=5`
`<=>|x-2|=5`
`<=>` \(\left[ \begin{array}{l}x-2=5\\x-2=-5\end{array} \right.\)
`<=>` \(\left[ \begin{array}{l}x=7\\x=-3\end{array} \right.\)
`c)3sqrt{4x+8}-sqrt{9x+18}+9sqrt{(x+2)/9}=sqrt{72}(x>=-2)`
`<=>6sqrt{x+2}-3sqrt{x+2}+3sqrt{x+2}=sqrt{72}`
`<=>6sqrt{x+2}=6sqrt2`
`<=>sqrt{x+2}=sqrt2`
`<=>x+2=2`
`<=>x=0(tm)`
\(a,ĐK:x\ge\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x-2=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x=11\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{11}{5}\)
\(b,\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-5x+4=25\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-5x-21=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5+\sqrt{109}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{5-\sqrt{109}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(c,\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6\sqrt{x+2}-3\sqrt{x+2}+9\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{x+2}{9}}=6\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x+2}-\sqrt{x+2}+3\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{x+2}{9}}=2\sqrt{2}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x+2}=a\) ta có (1)
\(2a-a+3\cdot\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{9}}=2\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+3\cdot\dfrac{a}{3}=2\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a=2\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=\sqrt{2}\)
Thay \(a=\sqrt{2}\) vào (1) ta có
\(\sqrt{x+2}=\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+2=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=0\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
(- (x - 3))/2 - 2 = 5(x + 2)/4
=> \(\dfrac{-\left(x-3\right)-4}{2}=\dfrac{5\left(x+2\right)}{4}\)
=> \(\dfrac{-2\left(x-3\right)-8}{4}=\dfrac{5\left(x+2\right)}{4}\)
=. -2x + 6 - 8 = 5x + 10
=> 7x = -12
=> x = -12/7
Các câu còn lại có cách làm tương tự là tính lần lượt trong ngoặc trước, quy đồng về cùng mẫu số để triệt tiêu mẫu và xử lý phần tử số có x như câu đầu tiên em nhé!
Chúc em học vui vẻ nha!
2) Ta có: \(\dfrac{2\left(2x+1\right)}{5}-\dfrac{6+x}{3}=\dfrac{5-4x}{15}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{6\left(2x+1\right)}{15}-\dfrac{5\left(6+x\right)}{15}=\dfrac{5-4x}{15}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow12x+6-30-5x-5+4x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow11x-29=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{29}{11}\)
Vậy: \(S=\left\{\dfrac{29}{11}\right\}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
`A=x^2-2x+5`
`=x^2-2x+1+4`
`=(x-1)^2+4>=4`
Dấu "=" `<=>x=1`
`B=4x^2+4x+3`
`=4x^2+4x+1+2`
`=(2x+1)^2+2>=2`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=-1/2`
`C=9x^2-6x+7`
`=9x^2-6x+1+6`
`=(3x-1)^2+6>=6`
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi `x=1/3`
`D=5x^2+3x+8`
`=5(x^2+3/5x)+8`
`=5(x^2+3/5x+9/100-9/100)+8`
`=5(x+3/10)^2+151/20>=151/20`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=-3/10`
\(A=x^2-2x+5=x^2-2x+1+4=\left(x-1\right)^2+4\)
Ta có: \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\Rightarrow A_{min}=4\) khi \(x=1\)
\(B=4x^2+4x+3=4x^2+4x+1+2=\left(2x+1\right)^2+2\)
Ta có: \(\left(2x+1\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2+2\ge2\Rightarrow B_{min}=2\) khi \(x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(C=9x^2-6x+7=9x^2-6x+1+6=\left(3x-1\right)^2+6\)
Ta có: \(\left(3x-1\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(3x-1\right)^2+6\ge6\Rightarrow C_{min}=6\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(D=5x^2+3x+8\Rightarrow5\left(x^2+2.x.\dfrac{3}{10}+\dfrac{9}{100}\right)+\dfrac{151}{20}=5\left(x+\dfrac{3}{10}\right)^2+\dfrac{151}{20}\)
Ta có: \(5\left(x+\dfrac{3}{10}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow5\left(x+\dfrac{3}{10}\right)^2+\dfrac{151}{20}\ge\dfrac{151}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow D_{min}=\dfrac{151}{20}\) khi \(x=-\dfrac{3}{10}\)