\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-4y=-2\\5x+2y=14\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-4y=-2\\2y=14-5x\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-2\cdot2y=-2\\2y=14-5x\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-2\left(14-5x\right)=-2\\2y=14-5x\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-28+10x=-2\\2y=-5x+14\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}13x=-2+28=26\\2y=-5x+14\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\2y=-5\cdot2+14=14-10=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 8:

\(4)-\dfrac{20}{7}:\dfrac{5}{21}\\ =-\dfrac{20}{7}\cdot\dfrac{21}{5}\\ =-4\cdot3\\ =-12\\ 5)-\dfrac{8}{5}:\dfrac{-12}{7}\\ =\dfrac{-8}{5}\cdot\dfrac{-7}{12}\\ =\dfrac{14}{15}\\ 6)\dfrac{-12}{21}:\dfrac{1}{6}\\ =\dfrac{-4}{7}\cdot6\\ =-\dfrac{24}{7}\)

Bài 10:

1: \(4,5\cdot\left(-\dfrac{4}{9}\right)=-\dfrac{9}{2}\cdot\dfrac{4}{9}=-\dfrac{4}{2}=-2\)

2: \(2,4\cdot\left(-3\dfrac{4}{7}\right)=\dfrac{-12}{5}\cdot\dfrac{25}{7}=\dfrac{-12}{7}\cdot\dfrac{25}{5}=-5\cdot\dfrac{12}{7}=-\dfrac{60}{7}\)

3: \(0,2\cdot\dfrac{-15}{4}=\dfrac{1}{5}\cdot\dfrac{-15}{4}=-\dfrac{15}{5}\cdot\dfrac{1}{4}=-\dfrac{3}{4}\)

4: \(\left(-3,5\right):\left(-2\dfrac{4}{5}\right)=\dfrac{3.5}{2\dfrac{4}{5}}=\dfrac{3.5}{2.8}=\dfrac{5}{4}\)

5: \(\dfrac{-5}{23}:\left(-2\right)=\dfrac{5}{23}:2=\dfrac{5}{23\cdot2}=\dfrac{5}{46}\)

6: \(1,25:\left(-3\dfrac{1}{8}\right)=1.25:\dfrac{-25}{8}=1.25\cdot\dfrac{-8}{25}=-\dfrac{10}{25}=-\dfrac{2}{5}\)

Bài 9:

1: \(-3\dfrac{1}{9}\cdot\dfrac{4}{21}=\dfrac{-28}{9}\cdot\dfrac{4}{21}=-\dfrac{28}{21}\cdot\dfrac{4}{9}=-\dfrac{4}{9}\cdot\dfrac{4}{3}=-\dfrac{16}{27}\)

2: \(-\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot2\dfrac{1}{2}=-\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{5}{2}=\dfrac{-15}{8}\)

3: \(-\dfrac{8}{15}\cdot1\dfrac{1}{4}=-\dfrac{8}{15}\cdot\dfrac{5}{4}=\dfrac{-40}{60}=-\dfrac{2}{3}\)

4: \(-\dfrac{11}{15}:1\dfrac{1}{10}=-\dfrac{11}{15}:\dfrac{11}{10}=-\dfrac{11}{15}\cdot\dfrac{10}{11}=-\dfrac{10}{15}=-\dfrac{2}{3}\)

5: \(1\dfrac{1}{5}:\left(-2\dfrac{1}{5}\right)=\dfrac{6}{5}:\dfrac{-11}{5}=\dfrac{6}{5}\cdot\dfrac{5}{-11}=\dfrac{6}{-11}=-\dfrac{6}{11}\)

6: \(\left(-3\dfrac{1}{7}\right):\left(-1\dfrac{6}{49}\right)=\dfrac{-22}{7}:\dfrac{-55}{49}=\dfrac{22}{7}\cdot\dfrac{49}{55}\)

\(=\dfrac{22}{55}\cdot\dfrac{49}{7}=7\cdot\dfrac{2}{5}=\dfrac{14}{5}\)

\(6)\left(2x+1\right)^2-\left(x+3\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1-x-3\right)\left(2x+1+x+3\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(3x+4\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\3x+4=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\\ 7)\left(x^2-4\right)+x\left(x-2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)+x\left(x-2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2+x\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(2x+2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\2x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\\ 8)2\left(x+1\right)=\left(5x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(x+1\right)-\left(5x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(2-5x+1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(3-5x\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=\dfrac{3}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\\ 9)\left(-4x+3\right)x=\left(2x+5\right)x\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(-4x+3\right)x-\left(2x+5\right)x=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x\left(-4x+3-2x-5\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x\left(-6x-2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

a: \(\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot2^n+4\cdot2^n=9\cdot5^n\)

=>\(2^n\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+4\right)=5^n\cdot9\)

=>\(2^n\cdot\dfrac{9}{2}=5^n\cdot9\)

=>\(2^{n-1}=5^n\)

=>\(n-1=n\cdot log_25\)

=>\(n\left(1-log_25\right)=1\)

=>\(n=\dfrac{1}{1-log_25}\)

\(\dfrac{x-10}{30}+\dfrac{x-14}{43}+\dfrac{x-5}{95}+\dfrac{x-148}{8}=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-10}{30}-3\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-14}{43}-2\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-5}{95}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-148}{8}+3\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x-100}{30}+\dfrac{x-100}{43}+\dfrac{x-100}{95}+\dfrac{x-100}{8}=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(x-100\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{30}+\dfrac{1}{43}+\dfrac{1}{95}+\dfrac{1}{8}\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow x-100=0\\ \Rightarrow x=100\)

a)

 \(\dfrac{x+1}{10}+\dfrac{x+1}{11}+\dfrac{x+1}{12}=\dfrac{x+1}{13}+\dfrac{x+1}{14}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x+1}{10}+\dfrac{x+1}{11}+\dfrac{x+1}{12}-\dfrac{x+1}{13}-\dfrac{x+1}{14}=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}-\dfrac{1}{13}-\dfrac{1}{14}\right)=0\)

Vì \(\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}-\dfrac{1}{13}-\dfrac{1}{14}\ne0\) nên:

\(x+1=0\\ \Rightarrow x=-1\)

Vậy...

b) \(\dfrac{315-x}{101}+\dfrac{313-x}{103}+\dfrac{311-x}{105}+\dfrac{309-x}{107}=-4\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{315-x}{101}+\dfrac{313-x}{103}+\dfrac{311-x}{105}+\dfrac{309-x}{107}+4=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{315-x}{101}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{313-x}{103}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{311-x}{105}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{309-x}{107}+1\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{416-x}{101}+\dfrac{416-x}{103}+\dfrac{416-x}{105}+\dfrac{416-x}{107}=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(416-x\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{101}+\dfrac{1}{103}+\dfrac{1}{105}+\dfrac{1}{107}\right)=0\)

Vì \(\dfrac{1}{101}+\dfrac{1}{103}+\dfrac{1}{105}+\dfrac{1}{107}\ne0\) nên:

\(416-x=0\\ \Rightarrow x=416\)

Vậy...

Hiệu số tuổi giữa tuổi cha và tuổi con là:

            43-12=31(tuổi)

Ta có sơ đồ sau khi tuổi cha gấp tuổi con 2 lần 

  Tuổi cha 2 phần

  Tuổi con 1 phần 

  Hiệu là 31t ở 1 phần còn lại

Hiệu số phần bằng nhau là :

   2-1=1 phần

Gía trị 1 phần hay tuổi con lúc tuổi cha gấp đôi tuổi con là

          31:1=31(tuổi)

Sau số năm thì tuổi cha gấp đôi tuổi con là:

        31-12=19(năm)

             Đ/S: 19 năm

Bài 8:

1: \(\dfrac{-20}{41}\cdot\dfrac{-4}{5}=\dfrac{20}{5}\cdot\dfrac{4}{41}=4\cdot\dfrac{4}{41}=\dfrac{16}{41}\)

2: \(\dfrac{-24}{5}\cdot\dfrac{15}{-8}=\dfrac{-24}{-8}\cdot\dfrac{15}{5}=3\cdot3=9\)

3: \(\dfrac{-4}{34}\cdot\dfrac{17}{-24}=\dfrac{4}{24}\cdot\dfrac{17}{34}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{1}{12}\)

Bài 6:

1: \(2\dfrac{3}{5}-1\dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{13}{5}-\dfrac{5}{3}=\dfrac{39}{15}-\dfrac{25}{15}=\dfrac{14}{15}\)

2: \(3\dfrac{3}{7}+2\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{24}{7}+\dfrac{5}{2}=\dfrac{48}{14}+\dfrac{35}{14}=\dfrac{83}{14}\)

3: \(-3\dfrac{1}{2}-2\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{-7}{2}-\dfrac{9}{4}=\dfrac{-14}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}=-\dfrac{23}{4}\)

4: \(-2\dfrac{1}{2}-3\dfrac{1}{4}=-\dfrac{5}{2}-\dfrac{13}{4}=-\dfrac{10}{4}-\dfrac{13}{4}=-\dfrac{23}{4}\)

5: \(-4\dfrac{1}{2}+2\dfrac{3}{10}=-\dfrac{9}{2}+\dfrac{23}{10}=-\dfrac{45}{10}+\dfrac{23}{10}=-\dfrac{22}{10}=-\dfrac{11}{5}\)

6: \(-6\dfrac{1}{7}-\left(-7\dfrac{1}{6}\right)=-6-\dfrac{1}{7}+7+\dfrac{1}{6}\)

\(=1-\dfrac{1}{7}+\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{6}{7}+\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{43}{42}\)

Bài 7:

\(1)\dfrac{2}{7}+\dfrac{6}{21}-\dfrac{3}{14}\\ =\dfrac{12}{42}+\dfrac{12}{42}-\dfrac{12}{42}\\ =\dfrac{12}{42}\\ =\dfrac{2}{7}\\ 2)-\dfrac{7}{2}+\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{17}{12}\\ =\dfrac{-42}{12}+\dfrac{9}{12}-\dfrac{17}{12}\\ =\dfrac{-50}{12}=\dfrac{-25}{6}\\ 3)\dfrac{1}{12}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{2}{3}\\ =\dfrac{1}{12}+\dfrac{3}{12}+\dfrac{8}{12}=\dfrac{12}{12}=1\\ 4)\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{-4}{5}-\dfrac{8}{15}\\ =\dfrac{5}{15}+\dfrac{-12}{15}-\dfrac{8}{15}=-\dfrac{15}{15}=-1\\ 5)\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{-3}{4}+\dfrac{2}{6}\\ =\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{-3}{4}+\dfrac{1}{3}\\ =\left(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)+\dfrac{-3}{4}\\ =1+\dfrac{-3}{4}\\ =\dfrac{1}{4}\\ 6\text{ })-\dfrac{5}{18}+\dfrac{5}{45}-\dfrac{9}{6}\\ =-\dfrac{5}{18}+\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{3}{2}\\ =-\dfrac{5}{18}+\dfrac{2}{18}-\dfrac{27}{18}\\ =-\dfrac{30}{18}\\ =-\dfrac{5}{3}\)

Bài 8:

1: \(\dfrac{-20}{41}\cdot\dfrac{-4}{5}=\dfrac{20}{5}\cdot\dfrac{4}{41}=4\cdot\dfrac{4}{41}=\dfrac{16}{41}\)

2: \(\dfrac{-24}{5}\cdot\dfrac{15}{-8}=\dfrac{-24}{-8}\cdot\dfrac{15}{5}=3\cdot3=9\)

3: \(\dfrac{-4}{34}\cdot\dfrac{17}{-24}=\dfrac{4}{24}\cdot\dfrac{17}{34}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{1}{12}\)

Bài 6:

1: \(2\dfrac{3}{5}-1\dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{13}{5}-\dfrac{5}{3}=\dfrac{39}{15}-\dfrac{25}{15}=\dfrac{14}{15}\)

2: \(3\dfrac{3}{7}+2\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{24}{7}+\dfrac{5}{2}=\dfrac{48}{14}+\dfrac{35}{14}=\dfrac{83}{14}\)

3: \(-3\dfrac{1}{2}-2\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{-7}{2}-\dfrac{9}{4}=\dfrac{-14}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}=-\dfrac{23}{4}\)

4: \(-2\dfrac{1}{2}-3\dfrac{1}{4}=-\dfrac{5}{2}-\dfrac{13}{4}=-\dfrac{10}{4}-\dfrac{13}{4}=-\dfrac{23}{4}\)

5: \(-4\dfrac{1}{2}+2\dfrac{3}{10}=-\dfrac{9}{2}+\dfrac{23}{10}=-\dfrac{45}{10}+\dfrac{23}{10}=-\dfrac{22}{10}=-\dfrac{11}{5}\)

6: \(-6\dfrac{1}{7}-\left(-7\dfrac{1}{6}\right)=-6-\dfrac{1}{7}+7+\dfrac{1}{6}\)

\(=1-\dfrac{1}{7}+\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{6}{7}+\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{43}{42}\)